Browsing by Author "Cagnetta, Giovanni"
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Item A machine-learning approach clarifies interactions between contaminants of emerging concern(CellPress, 2022-11-08) Chen, Jian; Wang, Bin; Huang, Jun; Deng, Shubo; Wang, Yujue; Blaney, Lee; Brennan, Georgina L.; Cagnetta, Giovanni; Jia, Qimeng; Yu, GangHumans and biotas are exposed to a cocktail of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but mixture regulation is lagging behind. This is largely attributed to inadequate experimental data of mixture risk; revealing intricate interactions among CECs in mixtures with random combinations remains a formidable challenge. Here, we propose a new framework comprised of 5,720 lab tests of mixture risk for 100 CECs with random combinations, extended prediction of mixture risk in any CEC combination via a new machine learning model, and validation in field sites. We identify a general concave-down relationship between CEC number and ecological risk of algae, invertebrates, and fish under different lab conditions and in more than 900 field sites worldwide. We propose a new “redundancy mechanism” to clarify interactions among CECs, suggesting implications in grouping CECs by action mode for developing mixture regulatory frameworks. Our framework provides a blueprint for addressing cocktail effects of multi-factors with random combinations in different disciplines.Item Wastewater-based epidemiology in Beijing, China: Prevalence of antibiotic use in flu season and association of pharmaceuticals and personal care products with socioeconomic characteristics(Elsevier Ltd, 2019-04) Zhang, Yizhe; Duan, Lei; Wang, Bin; Du, Yulin; Cagnetta, Giovanni; Huang, Jun; Blaney, Lee; Yu, GangWastewater-based epidemiology is an emerging field that has mostly been applied to investigate consumption of illicit drugs. In this study, the wastewater-based epidemiology approach was employed to study consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and measure their prevalence of use in eight densely populated, urban areas of Beijing, China. Ammonium loads were used to estimate the population equivalents of each sewershed. These estimates were applied to calculate population-normalized antibiotic consumption and prevalence of use during flu season, when antibiotics are frequently misused as a medical treatment. Results indicated that 21.9 g d−1 (10⁴ people)⁻¹ of ten popular antibiotics were consumed across the eight sewersheds, indicating that 1.98‰ of the 12.5 million population equivalents used these antibiotics during the sampling period. A comparison of these results to calculations made using previously reported data from 2013 suggest that recent Chinese antibiotic control policies have been effective. Uncertainty analyses were conducted to identify the 95% confidence range for antibiotic prevalence of use as 1.44–3.61‰. Human excretion factors were identified as the most sensitive variable. The wastewater-based epidemiology methods were also applied to a wider range of PPCPs, and the results indicated positive relationships between consumption and socioeconomic factors, such as housing price and population density. Overall, this work provides important public health information on antibiotic use and elucidates relationships between PPCP consumption and socioeconomic characteristics.