Browsing by Author "DeVylder, Jordan E."
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Item Evidence for Differential Predictive Performance of the Prime Screen Between Black and White Help-Seeking Youths(American Psychiatric Association, 2019-07-16) Millman, Zachary B.; Rouhakhtar, Pamela Rakhshan; DeVylder, Jordan E.; Smith, Melissa E.; Phalen, Peter L.; Woods, Scott W.; Walsh, Barbara C.; Parham, Brittany; Reeves, Gloria M.; Schiffman, JasonObjective: Self-report screening instruments for emerging psychosis have the potential to improve early detection efforts by increasing the number of true positives among persons deemed to be at “clinical high risk” of the disorder, but their practical utility depends on their validity across race. This study sought to examine whether a commonly used self-report screening tool for psychosis risk performed equally among black and white youths in its ability to predict clinical high-risk status. Methods: Black (N=58) and white (N=50) help-seeking individuals ages 12–25 (61% female) were assessed with the Prime Screen and the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). A logistic regression model estimated race differences in the strength of the relation between Prime Screen scores and SIPS-defined risk status. Results: Higher Prime Screen scores significantly predicted clinical high-risk status among white (p<.01) but not black participants. Among black youths without clinical high risk, self-reported Prime Screen scores more closely resembled scores for youths (black or white) with clinical high risk than scores of white peers who were also without clinical high risk. Conclusions: Results suggest that consideration of race or ethnicity and associated cultural factors is important when screening for clinical high-risk status. Findings support the need to develop culturally valid early psychosis screening tools to promote appropriately tailored early intervention efforts.Item Speech illusions and working memory performance in non-clinical psychosis(Elsevier, 2017-11-01) Gupta, Tina; DeVylder, Jordan E.; Auerbach, Randy P.; Schiffman, Jason; Mittal, Vijay A.Psychotic disorders are characterized by auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), and research has shown that AVHs are linked to deficits in working memory. Our understanding of AVHs across the psychosis continuum is limited. To date, little research has tested whether hallucination proneness (HP) is linked with abnormalities on experimental multispeaker babble tasks. Few investigations have been conducted to determine how task performance might be linked to cognitive functioning. The objective of the current study is to better understand this empirical gap. A total of 70 adults (30 healthy controls and 40 HP individuals) were administered an experimental task in which they listened to multispeaker babble and were instructed to report any words or chains of consecutive words (CCWs) perceived. Participants also were administered nonverbal and verbal working memory tasks. Findings revealed that relative to the control group, the HP individuals perceived more words and longer CCWs during the task. While there were no significant differences in working memory tasks between the HP and control groups, longer CCW's were associated with decreased verbal working memory scores in the HP group. AVH proneness may occur across a continuum of psychosis and may be linked with other theoretically relevant cognitive vulnerability factors.Item Telepsychotherapy With Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Clinical Issues and Best Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic(American Psychological Association, 2020-04-22) DeLuca, Joseph S.; Andorko, Nicole D.; Chibani, Doha; Jay, Samantha Y.; Rouhakhtar, Pamela Rakhshan; Petti, Emily; Klaunig, Mallory J.; Thompson, Elizabeth C.; Millman, Zachary B.; Connors, Kathleen M.; Akouri-Shan, LeeAnn; Fitzgerald, John; Redman, Samantha L.; Roemer, Caroline; Bridgwater, Miranda A.; DeVylder, Jordan E.; King, Cheryl A.; Pitts, Steven C.; Reinblatt, Shauna P.; Wehring, Heidi J.; Bussell, Kristin L.; Solomon, Natalee; Edwards, Sarah M.; Reeves, Gloria M.; Buchanan, Robert W.; Schiffman, Jason