Browsing by Author "Feng, Yuanyuan"
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Item CAPTURING THE TRADEOFF BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE SHARING EFFICIENCY AND AUTONOMY IN SURGICAL TELEMENTORING(2019-01-01) Feng, Yuanyuan; Mentis, Helena M; Information Systems; Information SystemsWith great advances in telecommunication technologies in the recent 15 years, tightly coupled, synchronous collaborative work in highly technical domains, such as engineering, design, and medicine, has begun to embrace remote collaboration practices, aiming to gain greater access to expertise that is often distributed across locations. However, current teleconferencing systems provide limited support for team knowledge sharing, i.e., the process for team members to collectively contribute to developing a shared understanding of the work, through which expertise, or in-situ knowledge, is acquired. The objective of my dissertations research is to elucidate the impact of geographic distance on team knowledge sharing in instructional collaborative tasks, where a local novice is acting upon objects mentored by a remote expert. With a thorough examination of individual team members? language use in distributed training, this dissertations demonstrates that distance makes the team grounding process less efficient by increasing explicit acknowledgments from the remote trainer. These acknowledgments lead to ambiguity in the team coordination, as the trainees jump in and take control over the task process, before they gain sufficient understanding of the context. I discuss these results through the lens of Common Ground Theory and Self-determination Theory and illustrate the dilemma that instructional tasks are facing - more trainee'sautonomy is associated with less communication efficiency, yet indicating a better learning experience. In this, I propose a two-dimensional design space, considering both the trainee'sautonomy and the team'scommunication efficiency. This facilitates future work on developing technologies that support the objectives of the training, as well as understanding the interdependencies between these two theories.Item Communication Cost of Single-user Gesturing Tool in Laparoscopic Surgical Training(Association for Computing Machinery, 2019-05-04) Feng, Yuanyuan; Li, Katie; Semsar, Azin; McGowan, Hannah; Mun, Jacqueline; Zahiri, H. Reza; George, Ivan; Park, Adrian; Kleinsmith, Andrea; Mentis, Helena M.Multi-user input over a shared display has been shown to support group process and improve performance. However, current gesturing systems for instructional collaborative tasks limit the input to experts and overlook the needs of novices in making references on a shared display. In this paper, we investigate the effects of a single-user gesturing tool on the communication between trainer and trainees in a laparoscopic surgical training. By comparing the communication structure and content between the trainings with and without the gesturing tool, we show that the communication becomes more imbalanced and the trainees become less active when using the single-user gesturing tool. Our findings highlight the needs to grant all parties the same level of access to a shared display and suggest further directions in designing a shared display for instructional collaborative tasks.Item Effects of a Virtual Pointer on Trainees’ Cognitive Load and Communication Efficiency in Surgical Training(American Medical Informatics Association, 2020-03-04) Azin, Semsar; Hannah, McGowan; Feng, Yuanyuan; Zahiri, Hamid R.; George, Ivan M.; Turner, Timothy; Park, Adrian; Mentis, Helena; Kleinsmith, AndreaWe investigated the cognitive load effect of a trainer providing surgical instruction by pointing/drawing over laparoscopic video to a trainee. Results showed that while cognitive load is higher overall with the use of the instructional system, there is a decrease by the second experience of being instructed by the Virtual Pointer. Further analysis showed that trainees were more likely to perform the surgical task and watch/listen to the trainer’s instruction at the same time when the instructional system was used. This is thought to be an indication of more efficient communication when using the instructional system. Thus, although there is a small cognitive overload with the instructional system initially, the more efficient communication allows trainees to better integrate the knowledge and instructions being conveyed into the actions they must perform - indicating a better learning environment.Item Exploring Smart Commercial Building Occupants' Perceptions and Notification Preferences of Internet of Things Data Collection in the United States(2023-03-09) Le, Tu; Wang, Alan; Yao, Yaxing; Feng, Yuanyuan; Heydarian, Arsalan; Sadeh, Norman; Tian, YuanData collection through the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, or smart devices, in commercial buildings enables possibilities for increased convenience and energy efficiency. However, such benefits face a large perceptual challenge when being implemented in practice, due to the different ways occupants working in the buildings understand and trust in the data collection. The semi-public, pervasive, and multi-modal nature of data collection in smart buildings points to the need to study occupants’ understanding of data collection and notification preferences. We conduct an online study with 492 participants in the US who report working in smart commercial buildings regarding: 1) awareness and perception of data collection in smart commercial buildings, 2) privacy notification preferences, and 3) potential factors for privacy notification preferences. We find that around half of the participants are not fully aware of the data collection and use practices of IoT even though they notice the presence of IoT devices and sensors. We also discover many misunderstandings around different data practices. The majority of participants want to be notified of data practices in smart buildings, and they prefer push notifications to passive ones such as websites or physical signs. Surprisingly, mobile app notification, despite being a popular channel for smart homes, is the least preferred method for smart commercial buildings.Item How Trainees Use the Information from Telepointers in Remote Instruction(ACM, 2019-11-07) Semsar, Azin; McGowan, Hannah; Feng, Yuanyuan; Zahiri, H. Reza; Park, Adrian; Kleinsmith, Andrea; Mentis, HelenaResearchers have shown both performance drawbacks and benefits of using telepointers or similar display overlay-technologies in remote instruction; however, there is not a clear understanding of why there are these performance effects. This poses a challenge in knowing how and when to successfully use or design telepointing technologies in remote instruction. A better understanding is needed with the rise of remote workers in a wide array of industries from oil rig repair to surgery, and the proliferation of heads-up displays or telecommunications devices to support these future work practices. In this study, we explore how the information conveyed through a telepointer is taken up and acted upon by surgical trainees in a laparoscopic surgical telementoring setting. We collected audio and video data of 12 surgical trainees who performed standard laparoscopic surgical tasks on a physical model under the guidance of a surgical trainer. We investigated both action and talk to determine how the telepointer-based information was used. Our findings reveal three main challenges in using the instructional information conveyed through the telepointer including the trainees' tendency of attending to the telepointer instruction as the primary source of information. We argue that the found challenges are socio-technical in nature and require a redesign of the mentoring context as well as the technological tools.Item How Usable Are iOS App Privacy Labels?(2022-06-16) Zhang, Shikun; Feng, Yuanyuan; Yao, Yaxing; Cranor, Lorrie Faith; Sadeh, NormanStandardized privacy labels that succinctly summarize those data practices that people are most commonly concerned about offer the promise of providing users with more effective privacy notices than fulllength privacy policies. With their introduction by Apple in iOS 14 and Google’s recent adoption in its Play Store, mobile app privacy labels are for the first time available at scale to users. We report the first in-depth interview study with 24 lay iPhone users to investigate their experiences, understanding, and perceptions of Apple’s privacy labels. We uncovered misunderstandings of and dissatisfaction with the iOS privacy labels that hinder their effectiveness, including confusing structure, unfamiliar terms, and disconnection from permission settings and controls. We identify areas where app privacy labels might be improved and propose suggestions to address shortcomings to make them more understandable, usable, and useful.Item Managing Potentially Intrusive Practices in the Browser: A User-Centered Perspective(2021-06-16) Smullen, Daniel; Yao, Yaxing; Feng, Yuanyuan; Sadeh, Norman; Edelstein, Arthur; Weiss, RebeccaBrowser users encounter a broad array of potentially intrusive practices: from behavioral profiling, to crypto-mining, fingerprinting, and more. We study people’s perception, awareness, understanding, and preferences to opt out of those practices. We conducted a mixed-methods study that included qualitative (n=186) and quantitative (n=888) surveys covering 8 neutrally presented practices, equally highlighting both their benefits and risks. Consistent with prior research focusing on specific practices and mitigation techniques, we observe that most people are unaware of how to effectively identify or control the practices we surveyed. However, our user-centered approach reveals diverse views about the perceived risks and benefits, and that the majority of our participants wished to both restrict and be explicitly notified about the surveyed practices. Though prior research shows that meaningful controls are rarely available, we found that many participants mistakenly assume opt-out settings are common but just too difficult to find. However, even if they were hypothetically available on every website, our findings suggest that settings which allow practices by default are more burdensome to users than alternatives which are contextualized to website categories instead. Our results argue for settings which can distinguish among website categories where certain practices are seen as permissible, proactively notify users about their presence, and otherwise deny intrusive practices by default. Standardizing these settings in the browser rather than being left to individual websites would have the advantage of providing a uniform interface to support notification, control, and could help mitigate dark patterns. We also discuss the regulatory implications of the findings.Item Poster: Classifying primary outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: Knowledge discovery from clinical trial metadata(IEEE, 2015-12-03) Feng, Yuanyuan; Janeja, Vandana P.; Yesha, Yelena; Rishe, Naphtali; Grasso, Michael A.; Niskar, AmandaEarly prediction of treatment outcomes in RA clinical trials is critical for both patient safety and trial success. We hypothesize that an approach employing metadata of clinical trials could provide accurate classification of primary outcomes before trial implementation. We retrieved RA clinical trials metadata from ClinicalTrials.gov. Four quantitative outcome measures that are frequently used in RA trials, i.e., ACR20, DAS28, and AE/SAE, were the classification targets in the model. Classification rules were applied to make the prediction and were evaluated. The results confirmed our hypothesis. We concluded that the metadata in clinical trials could be used to make early prediction of the study outcomes with acceptable accuracy.Item Quality of and Attention to Instructions in Telementoring(ACM, 2020-10-15) Semsar, Azin; McGowan, Hannah; Feng, Yuanyuan; Zahiri, H. Reza; Park, Adrian; Kleinsmith, Andrea; Mentis, HelenaThere is a long-standing interest in CSCW on distributed instruction - both in how it differs from collocated instruction as well as the design of tools to reduce any deficiencies. In this study, we leveraged the unique environment of laparoscopic surgery to compare the efficacy and mechanism of instruction in a collocated and distributed condition. By implementing the same instructional technology in both conditions, we are able to evaluate the effect of distance on instruction without the confounding variable of medium of instruction. Surprisingly, our findings revealed trainees perceived a higher perceived quality of instruction in the distributed condition. Further investigation suggests that in a distributed learning environment, trainees change their behavior to attend more to the provided instructions resulting in this higher perceived quality of instruction. Finally, we discuss our findings with regards to media compensation theory, and we provide both social and technical insights on how to better support a distributed instructional process.Item Virtual Pointer as a Telementoring Guidance Aid for Laparoscopic SurgeryMcGowan, Hannah; Feng, Yuanyuan; Semsar, Azin; Zahiri, Hamid; Park, Adrian; Kleinsmith, Andrea; Mentis, HelenaItem Virtual Pointer for Clarity of Instruction in TelementoringMcGowan, Hannah; Feng, Yuanyuan; Semsar, Azin; Zahiri, Hamid; Park, Adrian; Kleinsmith, Andrea; Mentis, HelenaItem A virtual pointer to support the adoption of professional vision in laparoscopic training(Springer International Publishing, 2018-09) Feng, Yuanyuan; McGowan, Hannah; Semsar, Azin; Zahiri, Hamid R.; George, Ivan M.; Turner, Timothy; Park, Adrian; Kleinsmith, Andrea; Mentis, Helena M.Purpose To assess a virtual pointer in supporting surgical trainees’ development of professional vision in laparoscopic surgery. Methods We developed a virtual pointing and telestration system utilizing the Microsoft Kinect movement sensor as an overlay for any imagine system. Training with the application was compared to a standard condition, i.e., verbal instruction with un-mediated gestures, in a laparoscopic training environment. Seven trainees performed four simulated laparoscopic tasks guided by an experienced surgeon as the trainer. Trainee performance was subjectively assessed by the trainee and trainer, and objectively measured by number of errors, time to task completion, and economy of movement. Results No significant differences in errors and time to task completion were obtained between virtual pointer and standard conditions. Economy of movement in the non-dominant hand was significantly improved when using virtual pointer (p=0.012). The trainers perceived a significant improvement in trainee performance in virtual pointer condition (p<0.001), while the trainees perceived no difference. The trainers’ perception of economy of movement was similar between the two conditions in the initial three runs and became significantly improved in virtual pointer condition in the fourth run (p=0.017). Conclusions Results show that the virtual pointer system improves the trainer’s perception of trainee’s performance and this is reflected in the objective performance measures in the third and fourth training runs. The benefit of a virtual pointing and telestration system may be perceived by the trainers early on in training, but this is not evident in objective trainee performance until further mastery has been attained. In addition, the performance improvement of economy of motion specifically shows that the virtual pointer improves the adoption of professional vision— improved ability to see and use laparoscopic video results in more direct instrument movement.