Browsing by Author "Gullapalli, Rao P."
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Item Disparities in Diffuse Cortical White Matter Integrity Between Socioeconomic Groups(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-06-12) Shaked, Danielle; Leibel, Daniel K.; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.There is a growing literature demonstrating a link between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and poorer neuroanatomical health, such as smaller total and regional gray and white matter volumes, as well as greater white matter lesion volumes. Little is known, however, about the relation between SES and white matter integrity. Here we examined the relation between SES and white matter integrity of the brain’s primary cortical regions, and evaluated potential moderating influences of age and self-identified race. Participants were 192 neurologically intact, community-dwelling African American and White adults (mean age = 52 years; 44% male, 60% White, low SES = 52%) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study. Participants underwent 3.0-T cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to estimate regional fractional anisotropy (FA) to quantify the brain’s white matter integrity and trace to capture diffusivity. Multiple regression analyses examined independent and interactive associations of SES, age, and race with FA of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes bilaterally. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of several biopsychosocial risk factors on these associations. Exploratory analyses examined these relations with trace and using additional SES indicators. Results indicated there were no significant interactions of SES, age, and race for any region. Individuals with low SES had lower FA in all regions, and higher trace in the right and left frontal, right and left temporal, and left occipital lobes. Findings remained largely unchanged after inclusion of sensitivity variables. Older age was associated with lower FA and greater trace for all regions, except for the right temporal lobe with FA. No main effects were found for race in FA, and Whites had higher trace values in the parietal lobes. Novel findings of this study indicate that relative to the high SES group, low SES was associated with poorer white matter integrity and greater diffusivity. These results may, in part, reflect exposures to various biopsychosocial risk factors experienced by those of lower SES across the lifespan, and may help explain the preponderance of cognitive and functional disparities between socioeconomic groups.Item Lifetime Discrimination Burden, Racial Discrimination, and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease among African Americans(American Physiological Association, 2018-11-26) Moody, Danielle L. Beatty; Taylor, Antione D.; Leibel, Daniel K.; Al-Najjar, Elias; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Kouo, Theresa; Erus, Guray; Rosenberger, William F.; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Zonderman; Waldstein, Shari R.Explore interactive relations of lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination – chronic stressors among African Americans (AA) – and age with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed white matter lesion volume (WMLV), a prognostic indicator of poor clinical brain health outcomes. Methods: AA (N= 71; 60.6% female, mean age = 50) participating in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study underwent quantitative MRI coded for WMLV. Participants self-reported lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination approximately five years earlier. Multivariable regression models assessed interactions of linear and quadratic effects of discrimination and age with WMLV adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status. Results: Findings revealed significant interactive relations of age and (1) quadratic, lifetime discrimination burden, B = .05, p = .014, η²partial = .092, and (2) quadratic, racial discrimination, B = .03, p = .001, η²partial = .155 with WMLV. Among older AA, increases in lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination were associated with increases in WMLV (p’s < .03); in younger AA, decreasing levels of racial discrimination were related to increases in WMLV (p = .006). Conclusions: Among older AA, as lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination increased, so did WMLV. However, in younger AA, decreases in racial discrimination were associated with increased WMLV. Elucidation of complex mechanistic underpinnings, including potentially differential impacts of the acknowledgement versus suppression or underreporting of discriminatory experiences, among AA of different age cohorts, is critical to understanding the present pattern of findings.Item Plasma neurofilament light and brain volumetric outcomes among middle-aged urban adults(Elsevier, 2023-05-02) Beydoun, May A.; Hooten, Nicole Noren; Beydoun, Hind A.; Weiss, Jordan; Maldonado, Ana I.; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.Elevated plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is associated with dementia, though underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We examined cross-sectional relationships of time-dependent plasma NfL with selected brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) prognostic markers of dementia. The sample was drawn from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, selecting participants with complete v₁ (2004-2009) and v₂ (2009-2013) plasma NfL exposure and ancillary sMRI data at vₛcₐₙ (2011-2015, n=179, mean v1 to vₛcₐₙ time: 5.4y). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were conducted, overall, by sex, and by race, correcting for multiple testing with q-values. NfL(ᵥ₁) was associated with larger WMLV (both Loge transformed), after 5-6 years’ follow-up, overall (β=+2.131±0.660, b=+0.29, p=0.001, q=0.0029) and among females. NfL(ᵥ₂) was linked to a 125 mm³ lower left hippocampal volume (p=0.004, q=0.015) in reduced models, mainly among males, as was observed for annualized longitudinal change in NfL (𝛿NfLbₐyₑₛ). Among African American adults, NfL(ᵥ₁) was inversely related to total, gray and white matter volumes. Plasma NfL may reflect future brain pathologies in middle-aged adults.Item Plasma neurofilament light as blood marker for poor brain white matter integrity among middle-aged urban adults(Elsevier, 2022-11-10) Beydoun, May A.; Hooten, Nicole Noren; Weiss, Jordan; Maldonado, Ana I.; Beydoun, Hind A.; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL)’s link to dementia may be mediated through white matter integrity (WMI). In this study, we examined plasma NfL’s relationships with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging markers: global and cortical white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and trace (TR). Plasma NfL measurements at 2 times (v1: 2004–2009 and v2: 2009–2013) and ancillary dMRI (vscan: 2011–2015) were considered (n = 163, mean time v1 to vscan = 5.4 years and v2 to vscan: 1.1 years). Multivariableadjusted regression models, correcting for multiple-testing revealed that, overall, higher NfLv1 was associated with greater global TR (β ± SE: +0.0000560 ± 0.0000186, b = 0.27, p = 0.003, q = 0.012), left frontal WM TR (β ± SE: + 0.0000706 ± 0.0000201, b ± 0.30, p = 0.001, q = 0.0093) and right frontal WM TR (β ± SE: + 0.0000767 ± 0.000021, b ± 0.31, p < 0.001, q = 0.0093). These associations were mainly among males and White adults. Among African American adults only, NfLv2 was associated with greater left temporal lobe TR. “Tracking high” in NfL was associated with reduced left frontal FA (Model 2, body mass index-adjusted: β ± SE:-0.01084 ± 0.00408, p = 0.009). Plasma NfL is a promising biomarker predicting future brain white matter integrity (WMI) in middle-aged adults.Item Red cell distribution width, anemia and their associations with white matter integrity among middle-aged urban adults(Elsevier, 2021-05-21) Beydoun, May A.; Shaked, Danielle; Hossain, Sharmin; Weiss, Jordan; Beydoun, Hind A.; Maldonado, Ana; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.Anemia (blood hemoglobin (Hb) <13 g/dL among males; <12 g/dL among females) and elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) are potential risk factors for reduced brain white matter integrity (WMI), reflected by lower fractional anisotropy or increased mean diffusivity. Cross-sectional data with exposure-outcome lag time was used, whereby hematological exposures (RDW and Hb) and covariates were compiled from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with available visit 1 (v₁) (2004-2009) and/or v₂ (2009-2013) data; while diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) outcome data were collected at HANDLS SCAN visit (vscan: 2011-2015, n=214, mean follow-up from v₁ ±SD: 5.6±1.8y). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted, overall, stratifying by sex, and further restricting to the non-anemic for RDW exposures in part of the analyses. Among males, RDW(v₁) was linked with lower global mean fractional anisotropy (standardized effect size b=-0.30, P=0.003, q<0.05; basic model), an association only slightly attenuated with further covariate adjustment. Anemia was not a risk factor for poor WMI, independently of RDW . Ultimately, pending further longitudinal evidence, initial RDW appears to be associated with poorer WMI among males.Item Sociodemographic disparities in corticolimbic structures(PLOS, 2019-05-09) Shaked, Danielle; Millman, Zachary B.; Beatty Moody, Danielle L.; Rosenberger, William F.; Shao, Hui; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.This study sought to examine the interactive relations of socioeconomic status and race to corticolimbic regions that may play a key role in translating stress to the poor health outcomes overrepresented among those of lower socioeconomic status and African American race. Participants were 200 community-dwelling, self-identified African American and White adults from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span SCAN study. Brain volumes were derived using T1-weighted MP-RAGE images. Socioeconomic status by race interactions were observed for right medial prefrontal cortex (B = .26, p = .014), left medial prefrontal cortex (B = .26, p = .017), left orbital prefrontal cortex (B = .22, p = .037), and left anterior cingulate cortex (B = .27, p = .018), wherein higher socioeconomic status Whites had greater volumes than all other groups. Additionally, higher versus lower socioeconomic status persons had greater right and left hippocampal (B = -.15, p = .030; B = -.19, p = .004, respectively) and amygdalar (B = -.17, p = .015; B = -.21; p = .002, respectively) volumes. Whites had greater right and left hippocampal (B = -.17, p = .012; B = -.20, p = .003, respectively), right orbital prefrontal cortex (B = -.34, p < 0.001), and right anterior cingulate cortex (B = -.18, p = 0.011) volumes than African Americans. Among many factors, the higher levels of lifetime chronic stress associated with lower socioeconomic status and African American race may adversely affect corticolimbic circuitry. These relations may help explain race- and socioeconomic status-related disparities in adverse health outcomes