Browsing by Author "Hwang, Jinwook"
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Item Dissociation between the growing opioid demands and drug policy directions among the U.S. older adults with degenerative joint diseases(CCSE, 2019-05-31) Kim, Pearl; Yamashita, Takashi; Shen, Jay J.; Park, Seong-Min; Chun, Sung-Youn; Kim, Sun Jung; Hwang, Jinwook; Lee, Se Won; Dounis, Georgia; Kang, Hee-Taik; Lee, Yong-Jae; Han, Dong-Hun; Kim, Ji Eun; Yeom, Hyeyoung; Byun, David; Bahta, Tsigab; Yoo, Ji WonWe aim to examine temporal trends of orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors in the nation and states of Oregon and Washington where marijuana legalization was accepted earlier than any others. As aging society advances in the United States (U.S.), orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors increase in the nation. A serial cross-sectional cohort study using the healthcare cost and utilization project fast stats from 2006 through 2015 measured annual rate per 100,000 populations of orthopedic operations by age groups (45–64 vs 65 and older) as well as annual rate per 100,000 populations of opioid-related hospital stays among 65 and older in the nation, Oregon and Washington states from 2008 through 2017. Orthopedic operations (knee arthroplasty, total or partial hip replacement, spinal fusion or laminectomy) and opioidrelated hospital stays were measured. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was used to quantify temporal trends of orthopedic operations by age groups as well as opioid-related hospital stays and was tested by Rao–Scott correction of x2 for categorical variables. The CAGR (4.06%) of orthopedic operations among age 65 and older increased (P<.001) unlike the unchanged rate among age 45 to 64. The CAGRs of opioid-related hospital stays among age 65 and older were upward trends among seniors in general (6.79%) and in Oregon (10.32%) and Washington (15.48%) in particular (all P<.001). Orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors increased over time in the U.S. Marijuana legalization might have played a role of gateway drug to opioid among seniors.Item Regional variation in states’ naloxone accessibility laws in association with opioid overdose death rates-Observational study (STROBE compliant)(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2020-03-26) You, Hyo-Sun; Ha, Jane; Kang, Cyra-Y.; Kim, Leeseul; Kim, Jinah; Shen, Jay J.; Park, Seong-Min; Chun, Sung-Youn; Hwang, Jinwook; Yamashita, Takashi; Lee, Se Won; Dounis, Georgia; Lee, Yong-Jae; Han, Dong-Hun; Byun, David; Yoo, Ji Won; Kang, Hee-TaikThough overall death from opioid overdose are increasing in the United States, the death rate in some states and population groups is stabilizing or even decreasing. Several states have enacted a Naloxone Accessibility Laws to increase naloxone availability as an opioid antidote. The extent to which these laws permit layperson distribution and possession varies. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in provisions of Naloxone Accessibility Laws by states mainly in the Northeast and West regions, and the impact of naloxone availability on the rates of drug overdose deaths. This cross-sectional study was based on the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files. The average changes in drug overdose death rates between 2013 and 2017 in relevant states of the Northeast and West regions were compared according to availability of naloxone to laypersons. Seven states in the Northeast region and 10 states in the Western region allowed layperson distribution of naloxone. Layperson possession of naloxone was allowed in 3 states each in the Northeast and the Western regions. The average drug overdose death rates increased in many states in the both regions regardless of legalization of layperson naloxone distribution. The average death rates of 3 states that legalized layperson possession in the West region decreased (-0.33 per 100,000 person); however, in states in the West region that did not allow layperson possession and states in the Northeast region regardless of layperson possession increased between 2013 and 2017. The provision to legalize layperson possession of naloxone was associated with decreased average opioid overdose death rates in 3 states of the West region.