Browsing by Author "Shaked, Danielle"
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Item Disparities in Diffuse Cortical White Matter Integrity Between Socioeconomic Groups(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-06-12) Shaked, Danielle; Leibel, Daniel K.; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.There is a growing literature demonstrating a link between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and poorer neuroanatomical health, such as smaller total and regional gray and white matter volumes, as well as greater white matter lesion volumes. Little is known, however, about the relation between SES and white matter integrity. Here we examined the relation between SES and white matter integrity of the brain’s primary cortical regions, and evaluated potential moderating influences of age and self-identified race. Participants were 192 neurologically intact, community-dwelling African American and White adults (mean age = 52 years; 44% male, 60% White, low SES = 52%) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study. Participants underwent 3.0-T cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to estimate regional fractional anisotropy (FA) to quantify the brain’s white matter integrity and trace to capture diffusivity. Multiple regression analyses examined independent and interactive associations of SES, age, and race with FA of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes bilaterally. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of several biopsychosocial risk factors on these associations. Exploratory analyses examined these relations with trace and using additional SES indicators. Results indicated there were no significant interactions of SES, age, and race for any region. Individuals with low SES had lower FA in all regions, and higher trace in the right and left frontal, right and left temporal, and left occipital lobes. Findings remained largely unchanged after inclusion of sensitivity variables. Older age was associated with lower FA and greater trace for all regions, except for the right temporal lobe with FA. No main effects were found for race in FA, and Whites had higher trace values in the parietal lobes. Novel findings of this study indicate that relative to the high SES group, low SES was associated with poorer white matter integrity and greater diffusivity. These results may, in part, reflect exposures to various biopsychosocial risk factors experienced by those of lower SES across the lifespan, and may help explain the preponderance of cognitive and functional disparities between socioeconomic groups.Item Red cell distribution width, anemia and their associations with white matter integrity among middle-aged urban adults(Elsevier, 2021-05-21) Beydoun, May A.; Shaked, Danielle; Hossain, Sharmin; Weiss, Jordan; Beydoun, Hind A.; Maldonado, Ana; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.Anemia (blood hemoglobin (Hb) <13 g/dL among males; <12 g/dL among females) and elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) are potential risk factors for reduced brain white matter integrity (WMI), reflected by lower fractional anisotropy or increased mean diffusivity. Cross-sectional data with exposure-outcome lag time was used, whereby hematological exposures (RDW and Hb) and covariates were compiled from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with available visit 1 (v₁) (2004-2009) and/or v₂ (2009-2013) data; while diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) outcome data were collected at HANDLS SCAN visit (vscan: 2011-2015, n=214, mean follow-up from v₁ ±SD: 5.6±1.8y). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted, overall, stratifying by sex, and further restricting to the non-anemic for RDW exposures in part of the analyses. Among males, RDW(v₁) was linked with lower global mean fractional anisotropy (standardized effect size b=-0.30, P=0.003, q<0.05; basic model), an association only slightly attenuated with further covariate adjustment. Anemia was not a risk factor for poor WMI, independently of RDW . Ultimately, pending further longitudinal evidence, initial RDW appears to be associated with poorer WMI among males.Item Sociodemographic disparities in corticolimbic structures(PLOS, 2019-05-09) Shaked, Danielle; Millman, Zachary B.; Beatty Moody, Danielle L.; Rosenberger, William F.; Shao, Hui; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Erus, Guray; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Waldstein, Shari R.This study sought to examine the interactive relations of socioeconomic status and race to corticolimbic regions that may play a key role in translating stress to the poor health outcomes overrepresented among those of lower socioeconomic status and African American race. Participants were 200 community-dwelling, self-identified African American and White adults from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span SCAN study. Brain volumes were derived using T1-weighted MP-RAGE images. Socioeconomic status by race interactions were observed for right medial prefrontal cortex (B = .26, p = .014), left medial prefrontal cortex (B = .26, p = .017), left orbital prefrontal cortex (B = .22, p = .037), and left anterior cingulate cortex (B = .27, p = .018), wherein higher socioeconomic status Whites had greater volumes than all other groups. Additionally, higher versus lower socioeconomic status persons had greater right and left hippocampal (B = -.15, p = .030; B = -.19, p = .004, respectively) and amygdalar (B = -.17, p = .015; B = -.21; p = .002, respectively) volumes. Whites had greater right and left hippocampal (B = -.17, p = .012; B = -.20, p = .003, respectively), right orbital prefrontal cortex (B = -.34, p < 0.001), and right anterior cingulate cortex (B = -.18, p = 0.011) volumes than African Americans. Among many factors, the higher levels of lifetime chronic stress associated with lower socioeconomic status and African American race may adversely affect corticolimbic circuitry. These relations may help explain race- and socioeconomic status-related disparities in adverse health outcomesItem White Matter Tract Integrity as a Mediator of the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function(2019-01-01) Shaked, Danielle; Waldstein, Shari R; Psychology; PsychologyLower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to poorer executive function, but the neural mechanisms of this association remain unclear. As optimal communication between brain regions is essential to our cognitive abilities, white matter integrity may be key to understanding cognitive disparities across socioeconomic groups. This study assessed the mediating role of white matter integrity on the relation between SES and executive function in adults. Participants were 201 African American and Whites from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study. Participants underwent 3.0-T cranial magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging was used to estimate regional fractional anisotropy. Adjusting for age, mediation analyses examined if integrity of the anterior limb of the internal capsule, external capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum independently mediated SES-executive function relations. Low SES was related to worse performance on all cognitive tests and poorer integrity of all white matter tracts. Lower Trails B performance was related to poorer integrity of the anterior limb of the internal capsule, external capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and lower Stroop performance was associated with poorer integrity of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and external capsule. The anterior limb of the internal capsule significantly mediated the SES-Trails B relation, and the external capsule significantly mediated the SES-Trails B and SES-Stroop relations. Exploratory analyses found that race rendered the external capsule mediations non-significant, and flipped models with race as the independent variable yielded similar results as the base models. Poorer integrity of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and external capsule may help explain SES disparities in executive function. Results related to the external capsule may be common across SES and race due to shared risk pathways pertaining to health disparities. Findings demonstrating cognitive and neuroanatomical disadvantage among low SES individuals highlight the need for promoting optimal brain health, in part via further elucidation of the biopsychosocial mediators of the SES-cognition association as to better target intervention and prevention efforts. Further research is therefore needed to elucidate the multilevel pathways that contribute to inequities in cognitive function among marginalized groups.