Browsing by Subject "Public administration"
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Item An Analysis of the Use of Outpatient Generalist and Specialist Physician Services for Persons Reporting Diabetes in the United States(2023-03-27) OSO, PAUL; Dr. Lyles, Alan; Wilson-Gentry, Laura; Molinari, Carol; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationAbstract There is a growing concern about the role that demographics and insurance coverage play in disparities in health access among people with diabetes in the United States. This study uses Andersen's framework to examine to what extent individual-level variables, including predisposing, needs, and provider variables, are associated with access to outpatient provider services for individuals reporting either type-1 or type-2 diabetes in the United States. The study employed a subset sample of 2,812 adults with diabetes from the 2017 NHIS national survey. Predisposing variables such as gender, race, region, and age group may increase or decrease an individual’s propensity to access and utilize care. Enabling variables such as transportation, good communication with the provider, and availability of health insurance may facilitate access and utilization of care. Need variables such as being diagnosed with hypertension and diabetic retinopathy may increase the need for care services among people with diabetes. The dependent variables employed in this study were seeing/talking to a general physician in the past 12 months and seeing or talking to a specialist physician in the past 12 months, representing a measure of access to general or specialized outpatient services for diabetics. The independent variables examined in this research include predisposing (gender, race, region, and age group), enabling (transportation, asking for opinion and insurance), and need (hypertension and diabetic retinopathy) variables. This study employed binary logistic analysis using weight variables to correct the oversampling of certain racial minorities. The multivariate analysis consisted of two models using the same set of independent variables, but with each having its dependent variable: (i) the first model used seeing/talking to a generalist physician, and (ii) the second model used seeing/talking to a specialist physician within the past year. As the research dataset required that a person was told that they had diabetes, it is not surprising that none of the independent variables had a statistically significant odds ratio for seeing a generalist physician in the past year. The study did not identify a significant correlation between seeing/talking to a general physician in the past 12 months and gender, race, region, no transportation, a provider who asks opinion/belief about care, health insurance coverage, hypertension, and being diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. The second model, using specialist care as the dependent variable, contained a pattern of access suggesting potential barriers to access according to socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariate analysis shows that hypertension had a significant positive association with seeing or talking to a general physician. However, the odds of seeing or talking to a specialist physician were lower among African Americans and American Indians, and Natives relative to Whites. The study’s main limitation is that the 2017 NHIS data set reports individuals diagnosed with type-1 and type-2 diabetes, leaving out many people yet to be diagnosed but with a high risk for diabetes. In addition, the NHIS 2017 dataset surveys civilian and non- institutionalized populations in the United States, leaving out those in long-term care institutions such as nursing homes, prisons, and veterans. Moreover, the data could be biased since participants' data were self-reported. Nevertheless, the study has strengths, such as a large sample size representing the national population. Besides, the data can be used to compare demographic characteristics such as age group, gender, race, and insurance, among others. Suggestions for future studies are exploring the effect of different types of insurance coverage on access to outpatient provider services among individuals with diabetes and diabetes education in reducing outpatient provider care services. The study findings suggest that there might be inequities in accessing specialized diabetic care that differ by race, insurance, and region. Based on this study's evidence and guided by the values of social equity, public administrators will be well-positioned to develop programs to monitor the extent and impact of healthcare disparities among individuals diagnosed with type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Public administrators will be able to set benchmarks useful in addressing healthcare access disparities.Item Can highly controlled management environments change sub-national federal grants management?(2009-10) Richardson, Valerie J.; Wilson-Gentry, Laura; University of Baltimore. Yale Gordon College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationThis study examines grants management at the sub-national level. Specifically, the study sought to determine whether highly controlled management environments change sub-national federal grants management. Many previous studies have investigated the connection between policy implementation at the sub-national level and decision making, accountability, communications, risk taking, and transparency of information; however, there was limited research that connected these elements in the grantee's management environment to policy implementation. Overall, the study's findings underline prior theories that accountability, discretion, decision making, communication systems, and risk are key influences in policy implementation and program results. The results also offer evidence that the effective implementation of sub-national goals via grant awards is linked to the capacity of the sub-national grantees to manage, which is influenced by their management environment.Item A Case of Two Cities: Residential Housing Patterns in Baltimore City: "A Case Study"(2022-04-01) Wilson, Charles N.; Henderson, Lenneal; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationABSTRACT A CASE OF TWO CITIES: RESIDENTIAL HOUSING PATTERNS IN BALTIMORE CITY: “A CASE STUDY” Charles N. Wilson It is well documented that there exists a historical pattern of public policy at all levels of government that contributed to the segregated housing patterns in Baltimore City and other major cities in America. These segregated residential housing patterns have had an adverse effect on the African American community and the city of Baltimore at large. There was great hope with the passage of the 1968 Fair Housing Act (FHA) that would make housing discrimination illegal and affordable housing more assessable. This study examines whether these conditions in the past continue in contemporary times and contribute to the same outcomes of the past. In spite of the passage of the FHA making overt discrimination illegal and a plethora of legislation designed to make credit more accessible to minority and underserved communities, living conditions in neighborhoods that have weathered the worst of “redlining”, restrictive covenants, blockbusting, and distressed public housing have shown little improvement. This qualitative study explores, describes, and seeks to explain public policies both past and present, that have contributed to and maintain current residential housing patterns in the city of Baltimore.Item Chief executive officers and board of trustee perceptions and preferences of their levels of involvement in institutional governance activities.(2004-11-22) McKay, Shaun Lancelot; McPhail, Christine Johnson; Doctor of EducationItem An Examination of the Relationship between Supervisors’ Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Subordinates’ Work Performance(2023-06) Malcolm, Shermaine; Naylor, Lorenda; Wachhaus, Aaron; Uzochukwu, Kelechi; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationThis mixed method research study aims to explore the relationship between supervisors’ emotional intelligence (EI) and their subordinates’ work performance using the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale. Employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and motivation were analyzed using surveys to determine whether these outcomes correlated with supervisor EI. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation indicated there were no significant relationships between the variables. Qualitative interviews were conducted to determine the fundamental factors that affect employee performance, and six themes were identified as important contributing factors. The study provides useful insights for leadership to improve performance. The findings will contribute to the literature of organizational performance, leadership and development.Item The Exclusion of Filipino Amerasians from the 1982 & 1987 Amerasian Immigration and Homecoming Acts(2023-03-31) Ward, William; Larrison, Jennica; Michael, Eleftherios; Thomas, Sabrina; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs.; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationSince the end of the 19th century, the United States has had a military, political and social presence in the Indo-Pacific Region, including the Philippines. US presence in Asia has produced offspring born from the union of US military and civilian personnel and the native women population. For the Philippines, these are the Filipino Amerasians, the abandoned children of American fathers who refused to acknowledge paternity and have relegated Filipino Amerasians to lives of marginalization and poverty. The United States enacted the Amerasian Immigration Act (AIA) in 1982 and the Amerasian Homecoming Act (AHA) in 1987. Both Acts provided Amerasians from Thailand, Korea, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam preferential status to immigrate to the United States. Filipino Amerasians were not included in this legislation or any other subsequent Amerasian legislation. This research examines the reasons for the exclusion of Filipino Amerasians from the AIA and AHA using a mixed-method approach of both Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) and Bivariate Linear Regression (BLR). It is a comprehensive analysis looking into the convergence of race, gender, colonialism, The Cold War, and the Philippine Catholic Church in explaining the decisions and intent of policymakers, both in the United States and in the Philippines, to exclude Filipino Amerasians. Although there is no singular cause for the exclusion of Filipino Amerasians from the AIA and AHA, this research does find that the Philippines and the US government purposefully excluded Filipino Amerasians from the AIA and AHA to satisfy each country’s political, economic, and Cold War posture in the region.Item The interests of competing government and Piñon Canyon, Colorado: a case study on small world networks and the encroachment of military land on agricultural land in Southeast Colorado as a consequence on intergovernmental relationships(2012-03) Mestas, Richard Daniel; Callahan, John J.; University of Baltimore. Yale Gordon College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationWhen applied to public administration, networks may be utilized to study the behaviors of and between large and small bureaucracies. Traditional methods of analyzing intergovernmental conflict are often not as informative as network analysis. Network analysis is capable of demonstrating characteristics that traditional analysis does not show. In order to examine intergovernmental relationships and how these networks affect public policy, one must study scenarios where governments and their competing interests collide. The proposed expansion of the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site in Southeastern Colorado, under consideration since 2004 and as yet unresolved, is such a case. The intent of this dissertation is to "tell a story," "draw a picture" and then "animate the picture" about the complex and often polarizing intergovernmental relationships surrounding Piñon Canyon, to help the reader understand how each of the actors is linked and networked with others.Item Public sector unions and public administration: the impact of statuary collection bargaining(2011-08-25) Adler, Joseph; Thomas, Larry W.; Henderson, Lenneal J.; Nichol, Heather W.; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationThis dissertation attempts fill the gap in public administration research by undertaking a comparative case study of the effects of collective bargaining on public administration and human resource management. The findings suggest that the presence of legally mandated collective bargaining does not guarantee consistent economic gains, nor does the combined presence of a bargaining law and union political involvement lead to union favorable outcomes in public policy issues. Unions have a large impact on ensuring employee due process and on management's ability to unilaterally determine changes in policies and processes. Management rights clauses do not appear to be effective against unions' determination to represent members in all aspects of the working environment.Item Staying Connected: MPA Student Perceptions of Transactional Presence(National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration, 2009) Naylor, Lorenda Ann; Wilson, Laura AOnline education has increased exponentially in the past five years and is now considered part of mainstream higher education. It has significantly changed bricks and mortar institutions, but has the change been effective? One of the most common concerns regarding online education is the physical separation between teachers and students (Robertson, Grant, & Jackson, 2005; Moore, 1997). In order to bridge the physical distance of online education, Shin (2003, 2002) argues that universities should enhance transactional presence. However, little is known about transactional presence and online public administration courses. This study examines Master's of Public Administration (MPA) student perceptions of transactional presence with two groups: faculty and peers. Findings support previous research of no significant difference between teaching mediums in regards to student perceptions. Contrary to previous studies, neither ethnicity nor gender appear to play a prominent role in whether students are satisfied with the contact they have with peers or with faculty.Item Streamlining the right-of-way acquisition process using dynamic segmentation.(2006-08-02) Massaquoi, Michael A.; Saka, Anthony Amos; Master of ScienceItem The federal government's influence on accreditation.(2005-08-09) Charles, Curtis Barnabas; Simmons, Howard L.; Doctor of PhilosophyItem The relationship of social environment to cigarette, alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents in the United States: Gender and racial/ethnic differences.(2011-05-18) Wilson, Monique Elizabeth; Hossain, Mian Bazle; Doctor of Public HealthItem Use of performance measurement information in a federal agency: a comparative case study analysis(2013-05) Bryan, Julia H.; Julnes, George; Gibson, Edward; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationThe use of performance measurement information has been examined in public administration literature for decades; however, the focus has been state and local government agencies. How performance measurement information is used and what factors support this used at the federal level is not well documented. The lack of research examining how and why performance information is used poses a major knowledge gap for federal programs that are trying to find ways to enhance the use of performance measurement information to improve programmatic efforts, such as use for the purposes of accountability, improvement, understanding and mobilization. Based on this information, the purpose of this research study was to examine how performance measurement information is used at the federal level and the factors that influence the use. To this end, a comparative case study analysis that consisted of a two-phased, sequential mixed methods approach was conducted. The unit of analysis was two program offices within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)--the Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP) and the Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC). These program offices represented two very diverse programs that have performance measurement systems but diverge in areas such as available resources, organizational culture, and organizational structure. The first phase of the research consisted of a survey of managers and staff within the HRSA's BPHC and ORHP examining perceptions of use and the factors that influence such use. Semi-structured interviews built upon the survey findings and further explored the emerging patterns from the survey and provided ideas for encouraging the use of performance measurement information within federal agencies. Written documents were also employed to corroborate the survey and interview findings. The study results appear to confirm previous studies that rational/technocratic factors, organizational complexity and organizational culture are important to the use of performance measurement information. The results also indicate the overall use of performance measurement information and use of this information both instrumentally, for the purposes of accountability and program improvement, and non-instrumentally, for the purposes of understanding and mobilization. Moreover, the results suggest that different types of use are influenced by different factors. Rational/technocratic factors, for instance, appear to play an influential role in perceived performance measurement use, instrumental use and non-instrumental use. The results also show that rational/technocratic factors, organizational complexity and organizational culture influence perceived performance measurement use. Lastly, perceived instrumental use is guided by rational/technocratic factors and organization complexity where as non-instrumental use appears to be influenced by rational/technocratic factors and organizational culture. The results, however, did not indicate stakeholder involvement as an influential factor for performance measurement use, instrumental use and non-instrumental use. Nevertheless, the interviews suggest that stakeholders are an important part of the performance measurement process, particularly regarding the development of performance measures and providing technical assistance to grantee organizations. The findings from this study show that performance measurement information is being used at the federal level. The findings also suggest that communicating the value and importance of performance measurement information, continuously re-assessing needs associated with using performance measurement information and creating a culture that encourages and supports the use of performance measurement information are all critical aspects to the actual use of this information. Lastly, the findings indicate the importance of considering the use of performance measurement information from a holistic perspective that is inclusive of instrumental and non-instrumental use in order for organizations to build or enhance their management and decision making processes.Item Validation of Public Service Motivation with a Military-Centric Model(2023-05-19) Gryder, Joseph; Gibson, Ed; Wachhaus, Aaron; Wyatt-Nichol, Heather; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationMilitary cultural norms include leadership and motivation for public service. By applying Perry’s tool for measuring Public Service Motivation (PSM) a bridge of connecting civilian and military motivational models can be investigated. Confirmatory Factor Analysis conducted with Perry’s original and finalized instrument for a military centric sample indicates a different set of motivational dimensions. Future research directions to strengthen the connection between civilian and military aspects of Public Administration are discussed.