Browsing by Subject "Smoking cessation"
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Item April 15 is the day tobacco companies pay $9 billion for tobacco illnesses, but is it enough.(The Conversation, 2019-04-15) Betley, CharlesItem Exploring The Association Between Beliefs About Acupuncture, Smoking Cessation Outcomes, And Adherence To Auricular Acupuncture Treatment In A Residential Spiritual Recovery Program(2011) Johnson, Cynthia Evette; Sheikhattari, Payam; Public Health and Policy; Doctor of Public HealthThe literature demonstrates that 70% to 90% of those who are classified as chemically dependent smoke cigarettes. In addition, this population suffers more adversely from the health consequences of smoking. Furthermore, this population tends to be highly nicotine dependent. The literature also notes that in general there are low adherence rates to smoking cessation treatment. Although there is limited effectiveness of conventional smoking cessation treatments, acupuncture has demonstrated some effectiveness. However, based on the biopsychosocial model, its effectiveness may be associated with the recipient's beliefs about acupuncture's effectiveness. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between beliefs about acupuncture and smoking cessation; decrease in nicotine dependence; and adherence to smoking cessation treatment as part of an auricular acupuncture smoking cessation intervention. This study was conducted as part of Community-Based Participatory Research. The participants were residents of the "Helping Up Mission," a spiritual recovery program for men who are chemically dependent. The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) protocol was used as part of the smoking cessation intervention (participants received auricular acupuncture for 40 minutes, 3 times per week for 1 month). Prior to beginning treatment, participants (n=86) completed a baseline questionnaire that assessed their beliefs about acupuncture, level of nicotine dependence, and other covariates. Outcome were smoking cessation, decrease in nicotine dependence (assessed at their final acupuncture session), and adherence to acupuncture sessions. Data were assessed using univarate, bivariate, multivariate and survival analysis. A structured discussion group was also conducted. In this hard-to-reach population of chemically dependent smokers only two participants achieved smoking cessation, therefore, the association between beliefs about acupuncture and smoking cessation was not tested. In addition, there were no significant associations between beliefs about acupuncture and decrease in nicotine dependence or adherence to treatment. However, 40% decreased in nicotine dependence and there was a 47% adherence rate. This research demonstrated the feasibility of implementing such an intervention with a hard-to-reach, chemically dependent population.Item Time matters: framing antismoking messages using current smokers' preexisting perceptions of temporal distance to smoking-related health risks(Taylor & Francis, 2017-01-17) Kim, Kyongseok; Kim, Hyang-Sook; Towson University. Department of Mass CommunicationThis study examined the effects of temporal framing used in messages about the future likelihood of developing smoking-related diseases on intention to quit smoking. Based on construal level theory (CLT), a causal model delineating the relationships among four variables—perceived temporal distance, personal relevance, perceived susceptibility, and behavioral intention—was proposed. The model was validated by an online experiment with a sample of 222 current smokers, revealing the effects of perceived temporal distance on behavioral intention via personal relevance and perceived susceptibility. Following the CLT-grounded model, the effects of different temporal frames (near future vs. distant future) on the four variables were tested. The near-future frame featured a risk perceived to be more temporally proximal (i.e., heart attack), and the distant-future frame featured a risk perceived to be more temporally distant (i.e., larynx cancer) among current smokers. Participants exposed to the near-future frame reported significantly shorter perceived temporal distance, greater personal relevance and perceived susceptibility to the risk portrayed in the message, and greater intention to quit smoking than participants exposed to the distant-future frame. Implications for antismoking communications are discussed.