Browsing by Subject "culture"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Determinants of Parenting among Aboriginal and European Canadian Young Mothers(2008-08-21) Shepard, Kelly A.; Cheah, Charissa; Psychology; PsychologyThe present research applied a model, modified from existing research on parenting to examine the effects of psychological adjustment, parenting readiness, and environmental protectiveness on the parenting of 54 European Canadian and 32 Aboriginal young mothers. Findings indicated that these factors were predictive of more nurturing and less restrictive parenting in young mothers of both cultures. Environmental protectiveness was the strongest predictor of positive parenting practices, suggesting that intervention programs may have the greatest impact on parenting by inclusion of support groups or teaching coping strategies to relieve stress among mothers. When the cultures were examined separately, none of the variables of interest were predictive of parenting among Aboriginal young mothers. The model applied in the present study has been developed in Western samples and these variables may be less applicable to a Native population. Future research should attempt to identify variables that may be more relevant for Aboriginal families.Item The Effects of Generalized Trust and Civic Cooperation on the Big N Presence and Audit Fees Across the Globe(SSRN, 2016) Knechel, W Robert; Mintchik, Natalia; Pevzner, Mikhail; Velury, UmaWe examine the impact of informal cultural attributes, such as generalized trust in a society (hereafter ātrustā) and civic cooperation, on audit fees and Big N presence in countryspecific audit markets. The relation between trust (civic cooperation) and audit fees/Big N presence is ambiguous. On one hand, higher trust and civic cooperation are associated with lower levels of agency problems, thereby reducing the demand and price of audit services. On the other hand, higher trust (civic cooperation) societies may place more value on a strong audit function due to higher societal costs of inappropriate behavior, resulting in a relatively higher demand and cost of audit services. We find that the presence of Big N auditors is stronger in countries with higher levels of civic cooperation, and that audit fees are higher in countries with higher trust and civic cooperation. The positive impact of societal trust and civic cooperation on audit fees and Big N presence is weakened in countries with stronger levels of investor protection. These results suggest that both formal and informal institutions can act as substitutes in determining the demand and supply for audit services.Item The Good Parent: Southern Italian Mothersā Conceptualization of Good Parenting and ParentāChild Relationships(SAGE Journals, 2019-04-17) Cricchio, Maria Grazia Lo; Coco, Alida Lo; Cheah, Charissa; Liga, FrancescaThirty mothers, ranging in age between 30 and 46 years, participated in seven focus groups aimed at analyzing perceptions and ideas of the characteristics of a good parent and parentāchild relationship in southern Italy (Sicily). The discussions were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative analysis approach. Two major themes, discipline and affection, emerged from the discussions about the idea of a good parent, with seven further subthemes. In defining good parenting beliefs and practices, Sicilian mothers mostly believed that control, discipline, and demandingness were imperative and prioritized over warmth and responsiveness. Despite the importance given to demandingness, a good parentāchild relationship was predominantly described as the result of a balance between love and control, mainly based on communication, confidence, and respect. Our findings were interpreted and discussed with consideration to the collectivistic and familistic nature of Sicilian society.Item Human Specialization in Design & Technology: The Current Wave for Learning, Culture, Industry and Beyond(AECT, 2021-03-26) Young, PatriciaDr. Patricia A. Young will discuss her new book: 'Human Specialization in Design & Technology: The Current Wave for Learning, Culture, Industry and Beyond' We are living in an age that without the human ingenuity to innovate we will cease to exist. Human Specialization exemplifies the natural, but inevitable, evolution to innovate specifically for human needs and conditions. This cultural phenomenon is being enacted across business, manufacturing, science, technology and education industries through trends such as standardization, customization, personalization and specialization. This presentation examines some key findings from the entitled book and implications for the future of design and instructional designers.Item POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND LINGUISTIC INTEGRATION OF NEPALESE AMERICANS(2021-01-01) Bhandari, Hir Bahadur; Henderson, Loren; Language, Literacy & Culture; Language Literacy and CultureSince the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, the United States has become home to more immigrants from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, rather than just Europe. As a result, there has been a growing scholarly interest in understanding the relationship between Asian-Americans' socio-economic attainment, citizenship coexisting, and political participation. The previous studies on this topic show that Asian Americans have low political participation relative to their socio-economic status (SES). A higher level of SES among Asian Americans does not demonstrate a strong correspondence with a higher level of formal aspects of political participation. Even though Asian Americans have high socio-economic attainments, their voter participation rates were lower than those of the Black and White populations.The following research questions framed this study: To what extent is the Nepalese American population politically engaged? To what extent is the Nepalese American population linguistically integrated? While previous studies have explored the civic engagement and political participation of Asian Americans as a holistic group, this dissertations focused on Nepalese Americans. Using quantitative data obtained from participants selected from a respondent pool of 10,000, cross-sectional survey data (N=519) were analyzed to capture the experiences of Nepalese Americans and offer insights about Nepalese Americans' political participation and linguistic integration. The demographic variables of the study included gender, current legal status, education, income, marital status, age, and occupation. These dimensions had not been specifically addressed in previous scholarship. The results of this study contrasted with those of previous research, which indicated that higher group levels of SES among Asian Americans did not necessarily correspond strongly with a higher level of political participation. Nepalese Americans with higher incomes were found to be more likely to engage in political activities, such as voting and participating in political groups. In addition, those with higher education and income were more likely to be linguistically integrated, and those with U.S. citizenship had higher levels of linguistic integration. These empirical effects of such immigrant-related variables as education and socio-economic status identify critical needs of policy interventions which help increase political engagement and hence consolidate the essence of participatory democracy.Item Public sector organizational change : a study of the relationship between work space and collaboration as an indicator of culture change(2015-07) Burns, Cynthia Quick; Henderson, Lenneal J.; Naylor, Lorenda A.; Gibson, Ed; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationIn this mixed methods study, logistics regression analysis indicates a causal relationship between collaboration and work space; hermeneutics and content analysis revealed Congressional interest in inter-agency collaboration, yet lacked compelling evidence of a relationship between the variables of interest. The literature review exposed a broad expanse of theories on organization change and its many components. The perspective of change in this study is organizational culture, with a focus on one factor, collaboration. This research included analysis of secondary data from the annual OPM Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey and Congressional documents. Bivariate regression analysis revealed that work space and collaboration have a causal relationship and that managersā support of collaboration indicates a stronger effect than the information sharing behavior of co-workers. Implications for future research are discussed.Item Social-Emotional Development and School Readiness of Chinese American Children: The Role of Parenting and Self-Regulation(2016-01-01) Yu, Jing; Cheah, Charissa S. L.; Psychology; PsychologyThis dissertations was comprised of three thematically-related studies, with an overall aim to reconcile the inconsistent findings in the literature regarding the effects of controlling parenting on child development. The first paper confirmed that the love withdrawal dimension of psychologically controlling parenting could be clearly distinguished from the dimensions of guilt induction and shaming through conducting confirmatory factor analyses. The second paper then examined the dimensional effects of psychological control using longitudinal structural equation modeling. Results indicated that maternal love withdrawal predicted more withdrawn and aggressive behavior in children six months later, whereas maternal guilt induction predicted fewer problem behaviors over this period. The first two dissertations papers provided insights on some potential explanations for the inconsistent effects of parenting from the measurement perspective. The third dissertations paper further examined the processes underlying the pathways from parenting to child outcomes. Specifically, the mediating role of effortful control and moderating role of cultural orientations were examined. Two waves of longitudinal data were collected approximately six months apart on 154 families. Half-longitudinal mediation and moderation analyses showed that W1 child effortful control positively predicted W2 child social-emotional school readiness even after controlling for construct stability. However, W1 parenting practices did not significantly predict W2 child effortful control after controlling for temporal stability, which led to nonsignificant mediation effects. For the direct effects of parenting practices, the use of physical coercion predicted less overall child school readiness (less on-task behavior and more externalizing behavior) six months later, only for mothers who were highly acculturated towards the American culture. In addition, maternal physical coercion predicted more child internalizing behavior whereas maternal guilt induction predicted less child internalizing behavior over time. No child effects were found except that W1 child effortful control predicted less W2 maternal guilt induction, indicating that these Chinese immigrant mothers used more guilt induction when their children lacked internal control and needed the external control to regulate their behavior. Overall, these findings may inform educators and practitioners to be more attuned to the myriad of factors that can influence parenting practices and child adjustment. Moreover, these results highlighted the need to be cognizant of the value of indigenous Chinese parenting and Chinese immigrant mothers? acculturation in shaping their use of controlling parenting and the effects of such practices on their children'soutcomes in the American cultural context.Item Teaching and Learning English as an International Language (EIL): Examining the Global Orientation of Readings in Upper Secondary English Textbooks in Austria(2020-01-01) Crawford, Christina; Sauro, Shannon; Education; EducationAs English is used around the world for cross-cultural communication purposes, English language teaching (ELT) materials need to capture a global, multicultural perspective that reflects its status as an international language. In order for English learners to prepare for cross-cultural interactions, school textbooks must move from the traditional EFL-oriented ideology to that of an EIL-oriented one. The aim of the study is to investigate the global orientation of English in a plurilingual European context with Austrian ELT textbooks of the final year of academic high school. The method for this qualitative analysis is content analysis, examining the reading passages in chapters of three textbooks: Into English 4, English in Context 7 & 8, and Prime Time 8. The categories of the units are analyzed schematically in an adapted framework based on Cortazzi and Jin's (1999) model of source culture materials, target culture materials and international target culture materials, in addition to two other categories - global culture (Matsuda & Friedrich, 2011) and interactional culture (Nhan & Yutdhana, 2009). The purpose of this theses is to raise awareness of the cultural contents present in ELT materials from a global perspective, which can help guide teachers in their pedagogy and selection of appropriate materials that more adequately reflect national and international standards for ELT in relation to the EIL, thus supporting English learners' cross-cultural communication skills.Item Understanding When and Where European American and Chinese American Mothers Express Warmth and Control(2016-01-01) Vu, Kathy Thi Tuong; Cheah, Charissa S. L.; Psychology; PsychologyThe present study examined the specific situations in which European American (EA) and Chinese American (CA) mothers expressed warmth and control. Ninety-four EA and 90 CA mothers of preschool-aged children were interviewed. EA mothers emphasized expressing warmth when structuring their children'sdaily routines, during playtime activities, and moments that pull for physical intimacy. In contrast, CA mothers emphasized expressing warmth when their children faced difficulties. Both groups equally emphasized the importance of expressing warmth during moments of positive child behaviors and learning. EA mothers emphasized control in areas involving children'sphysical safety and interpersonal behaviors. CA mothers used control with children'sdifficult behaviors and moral conduct. Both groups similarly emphasized expressing control in situations of child learning and daily schedules. More enculturated CA mothers were more likely to express warmth during moments of positive child behaviors and parenting control in situations of child physical danger and daily schedules.Item Ways of Manifesting Collectivism: An Analysis of Iranian and African Cultures(University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, 2012-03) Hamedani, Nina G.; Purvis, Tristan M.; Glazer, Sharon; Dien, JosephIntelligence analysts might easily misinterpret their observations made in a society other than their own, since their understanding may be filtered through the lens of the shared values, norms, and beliefs of their own culture. For example, given the information that farmers in Kandahar regularly pay the Taliban 50% of their earnings, an analyst might conclude that the farmers are paying extortion money, whereas an alternative probable conclusion might be that they are paying for protection against a corrupt national government. The latter interpretation could lead to a more culturally appropriate policy of working with the village elders to restore their influence as a substitute for that of the Taliban (Flynn et al., 2010). In an initial report, Dien, Blok, & Glazer (2011) presented a cultural framework by which to analyze human influence situations in collectivistic cultures. Cultural case studies of Afghanistan/Pakistan, China, and Japan were evaluated within the framework. The present supplemental report extends this cultural analysis to Iranian culture and to three African cultures, specifically Somali, Tuareg, and Hausa.