Browsing by Subject "self-efficacy"
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Item Associations among a Set of Motivational Variables, Self-Management Behaviors and Glycemic Control in a Sample of African-Americans with Type 2 Diabetes(2008-02-05) Gemmell, Leigh Anne; DiClemente, Carlo; Psychology; PsychologyThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations among a set of motivational variables (readiness, importance, and self-efficacy), self-management behaviors (diet, exercise/physical activity) and glycemic control in a sample of adults with diabetes. Participants were 76 African-American adults with type 2 diabetes. The following information was collected via orally administered questionnaires: demographics, comorbidities and complications, self-management behaviors, readiness to change each self-management behavior, self-efficacy for each self-management behavior, importance of each self-management behavior. Participant's body mass index was measured and a blood sample was collected in order to assess hemoglobin A1C level (A1C). There was a unique effect of physical activity/exercise on A1C (Beta-weight = -.242, p=.04). The full set of motivational variables for each self-management behavior predicted level of glycemic control for diet (Chi-square = 13.83, p<.01), but not for physical activity/exercise or medication adherence. Readiness mediated the relationship between importance and diet behavior, and importance and medication adherence behavior. The results indicate that the motivational variables measured in this study are important and related to self-management behaviors. These motivational variables may be useful to assess in future self-management interventions in order to see how changes in these variables over time may lead to behavior change and self-management regimen adherence.Item Novice Teacher Self-Efficacy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Variance Between First-Career and Career-Switcher Teachers(2021) Lucido, Michael; Hood College Department of Education; Organizational LeadershipThe purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the variance of teacher self-efficacy between novice teachers and career-switching teachers in a local school district during the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, the study focused on the variation between teachers who are starting a career for the first time, and teachers who are entering the profession from another field. By examining teacher self-efficacy between these two groups on novice teachers, school districts and other educators can create support materials designed for the needs of each career-status teacher. Studying the teacher self-efficacy of teachers who have differing career backgrounds is essential because school districts are increasing their recruitment of alternative candidates to close the gap in teacher shortages. Consequently, teachers are entering the profession with a high level of preparation, or inadequate preparation. This research contributes to the collective knowledge of supporting and examining the challenges of novice teachers. Their variation in self-efficacy also adds to the fundamental theories of self-efficacy, social learning, and social cognitive theory. A survey was sent out to 198 novice teachers in the school district. The survey, the Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) along with demographic and supplemental free response questions, measured specific self-efficacy scores on three factors: student engagement, classroom management, and instructional strategies. There was no significant statistical difference between total teacher self-efficacy between the novice groups of teachers. The free response questions from the survey, however, did present variations in teacher self-efficacy between the two groups.Item A virtual community-of-practice approach by rural stakeholders in managing pneumoconiosis in the USA: a cross-sectional analysis(James Cook University, 2020-07-20) Sood, Akshay; Assad, Nour; Jarrell, William; Kalishman, Summers; Suer, Kyla Le; Murillo, Stephen; Myers, Orrin; Rochelle, Rachelle; Salveson, Sarah; Soller, Brian; Walker, Jolene; Wissore, Bruce; Pollard, CharlesIntroduction: The re-emergence of pneumoconiosis, particularly among coal miners (ie black lung), in the USA is a challenge for rural communities because more miners require specialized care while expertise is scarce. The Miners’ Wellness TeleECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) Clinic, jointly held by the University of New Mexico and a community hospital in New Mexico, provides structured telementoring to professionals caring for miners, including clinicians, respiratory therapists, home health professionals, benefits counselors, lawyers/attorneys and others, forming a virtual ‘community of practice’. This approach has not been utilized and evaluated previously. Methods: The study’s bimonthly program uses the ECHO telementoring model, which uses technology to leverage scarce mentoring resources; uses a disease-management model that is proven to improve outcomes in other disease states, by reducing variation in processes of care and sharing best practices; uses the principle of case-based learning with highly contextualized discussions, which fulfils key learning theory principles; creates a virtual community of practice; and uses an internet-based database to monitor outcomes. This 1-year cross-sectional study from September 2018 to September 2019 used geographical mapping of all attendee locations, web-based continuing medical education surveys completed by attendees using iECHO software, and a Research Electronic Data Capture-based survey of a convenience sample of participants, which obtained detailed information on demographics, knowledge, self-efficacy and collective efficacy. Knowledge sharing among participants was examined using insights and methods from social network analysis. Subgroup analysis involved comparisons between clinical and non-clinical professional groups, and between new and existing participants. Groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, and non-parametric Wilcoxon ranked sum test or student’s t-test for continuous variables. Results: Participants were largely located in pneumoconiosis mortality hotspots of the USA. In a convenience sample of 70 participants, clinical professional groups such as clinicians (29%), home health professionals (20%) and respiratory therapists (17%) constituted the majority of the stakeholders. Participants demonstrated the lowest knowledge score on ‘legal pneumoconiosis’ among the knowledge areas questioned; reported low self-efficacy with respect to managing miners’ conditions and interpreting test results; and rated the learning community highly in terms of trust (86%), willingness to help each other (93%) and being closely knit (87%). Analysis of knowledge sources indicated that participants receive substantial proportions of knowledge from individuals outside of their stakeholder and professional groups, but proportions differ among clinical and non-clinical professional groups, as well as among ‘fresh’ and existing participants. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the successful creation of a virtual multidisciplinary community of practice in pneumoconiosis mortality hotspot rural regions of the USA, with participants reporting multidisciplinary knowledge transfer. The community is regarded highly by participants in relation to trust, willingness to help and being closely knit. This innovative educational approach may help ensure the delivery of high-quality interdisciplinary care to rural miners in pneumoconiosis mortality hotspots in the USA.