An Unexpected Diversity of Photoreceptor Classes in the Longfin Squid, Doryteuthis pealeii
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Author/Creator ORCID
Date
2015-09-09
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Citation of Original Publication
Kingston ACN, Wardill TJ, Hanlon RT, Cronin TW (2015) An Unexpected Diversity of Photoreceptor Classes in the Longfin Squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0135381. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135381
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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Abstract
Cephalopods are famous for their ability to change color and pattern rapidly for signaling
and camouflage. They have keen eyes and remarkable vision, made possible by photoreceptors
in their retinas. External to the eyes, photoreceptors also exist in parolfactory vesicles
and some light organs, where they function using a rhodopsin protein that is identical to
that expressed in the retina. Furthermore, dermal chromatophore organs contain rhodopsin
and other components of phototransduction (including retinochrome, a photoisomerase first
found in the retina), suggesting that they are photoreceptive. In this study, we used a modified
whole-mount immunohistochemical technique to explore rhodopsin and retinochrome
expression in a number of tissues and organs in the longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. We
found that fin central muscles, hair cells (epithelial primary sensory neurons), arm axial ganglia,
and sucker peduncle nerves all express rhodopsin and retinochrome proteins. Our
findings indicate that these animals possess an unexpected diversity of extraocular photoreceptors
and suggest that extraocular photoreception using visual opsins and visual phototransduction
machinery is far more widespread throughout cephalopod tissues than
previously recognized.