Black Holes and Loose Connections in The Global Urban Network.
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Date
2002-02-27
2012-12-13
2012-12-13
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School of Public Policy
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Citation of Original Publication
Short, John Rennie. (2004)" Black Holes and Loose Connections in the Global Urban Network." Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network. 27 Feb. 2002. 6 Dec. 2012 <http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb76.html>.
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This item may be protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. It is made available by UMBC for non-commercial research and education. For permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the author.
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Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of black holes and loose connections in the global urban hierarchy. Black holes are defined as large cities, with a population of over 3 million that are not classified as world cities. The paper draws upon a classification that uses advanced producer services as an indicator of world city status. Large, non-world cities are identified and provisional ideas about explaining their position are outlined. Connectivity and population data are used in a simple regression analysis to identify loose connections: cities whose connectivity is less than that predicted by their population.