Urban soil carbon and nitrogen converge at a continental scale

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dc.contributor.authorTrammell, Tara L. E.
dc.contributor.authorPataki, Diane E.
dc.contributor.authorPouyat, Richard V.
dc.contributor.authorGroffman, Peter M.
dc.contributor.authorRosier, Carl
dc.contributor.authorBettez, Neil
dc.contributor.authorCavender‐Bares, Jeannine
dc.contributor.authorGrove, Morgan J.
dc.contributor.authorHall, Sharon J.
dc.contributor.authorHeffernan, James
dc.contributor.authorHobbie, Sarah E.
dc.contributor.authorMorse, Jennifer L.
dc.contributor.authorNeill, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorSteele, Meredith
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-06T15:11:20Z
dc.date.available2020-03-06T15:11:20Z
dc.date.issued2019-12-30
dc.description.abstractIn urban areas, anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem structure and function are thought to predominate over larger‐scale biophysical drivers. Residential yards are influenced by individual homeowner preferences and actions, and these factors are hypothesized to converge yard structure across broad scales. We examined soil total C and total δ13C, organic C and organic δ13C, total N, and δ15N in residential yards and corresponding reference ecosystems in six cities across the United States that span major climates and ecological biomes (Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; Minneapolis‐St. Paul, Minnesota; and Phoenix, Arizona). Across the cities, we found soil C and N concentrations and soil δ15N were less variable in residential yards compared to reference sites supporting the hypothesis that soil C, N, and δ15N converge across these cities. Increases in organic soil C, soil N, and soil δ15N across urban, suburban, and rural residential yards in several cities supported the hypothesis that soils responded similarly to altered resource inputs across cities, contributing to convergence of soil C and N in yards compared to natural systems. Soil C and N dynamics in residential yards showed evidence of increasing C and N inputs to urban soils or dampened decomposition rates over time that are influenced by climate and/or housing age across the cities. In the warmest cities (Los Angeles, Miami, Phoenix), greater organic soil C and higher soil δ13C in yards compared to reference sites reflected the greater proportion of C4 plants in these yards. In the two warm arid cities (Los Angeles, Phoenix), total soil δ13C increased and organic soil δ13C decreased with increasing home age indicating greater inorganic C in the yards around newer homes. In general, soil organic C and δ13C, soil N, and soil δ15N increased with increasing home age suggesting increased soil C and N cycling rates and associated 12C and 14N losses over time control yard soil C and N dynamics. This study provides evidence that conversion of native reference ecosystems to residential areas results in convergence of soil C and N at a continental scale. The mechanisms underlying these effects are complex and vary spatially and temporally.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors thank La'Shaye Ervin, William Borrowman, Moumita Kundu, and Barbara Uhl for field and laboratory assistance. This research was funded by a series of collaborative grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (EF‐1065548, 1065737, 1065740, 1065741, 1065772, 1065785, 1065831, 121238320).en_US
dc.description.urihttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecm.1401en_US
dc.format.extent13 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2w0av-anxb
dc.identifier.citationTrammell, T. L. E., D. E. Pataki, R. V. Pouyat, P. M. Groffman, C. Rosier, N. Bettez, J. CavenderBares, M. J. Grove, S. J. Hall, J. Heffernan, S. E. Hobbie, J. L. Morse, C. Neill, and M. Steele. 2020. Urban soil carbon and nitrogen converge at a continental scale. Ecological Monographs 00(00):e01401. 10.1002/ ecm.1401en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1401
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/17501
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherEcological Society of America (ESA)en_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Urban and Environmental Research and Education
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.subjectUMBC/USDA Forest Service, Baltimore Ecosystem Studyen_US
dc.titleUrban soil carbon and nitrogen converge at a continental scaleen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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