Trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States

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dc.contributor.authorHennigan, Christopher J.
dc.contributor.authorMucci, Aidan
dc.contributor.authorReed, Brian E.
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-14T15:47:02Z
dc.date.available2019-11-14T15:47:02Z
dc.date.issued2019-10-04
dc.description.abstractUsing data from the Environmental Protection Agency's Chemical Speciation Network, we have characterized trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States for the period 2001–2016. The metals included in this analysis—Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn—were selected based upon their abundance in PM2.5, known sources, and links to toxicity. Ten cities were included to provide broad geographic coverage, diverse source influences, and climatology: Atlanta (ATL), Baltimore (BAL), Chicago (CHI), Dallas (DAL), Denver (DEN), Los Angeles (LA), New York City (NYC), Phoenix (PHX), Seattle (SEA), and St. Louis (STL). The concentrations of V and Zn decreased in all ten cities, though the V decreases were more substantial. Cr concentrations increased in cities in the East and Midwest, with a pronounced spike in concentrations in 2013. The National Emissions Inventory was used to link sources with the observed trends; however, the causes of the broad Cr concentration increases and 2013 spike are not clear. Analysis of PM2.5 metal concentrations in port versus non-port cities showed different trends for Ni, suggesting an important but decreasing influence of marine emissions. The concentrations of most PM2.5 metals decreased in LA, STL, BAL, and SEA while concentrations of four of the seven metals (Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni) increased in DAL over the same time. Comparisons of the individual metals to overall trends in PM2.5 suggest decoupled sources and processes affecting each. These metals may have an enhanced toxicity compared to other chemical species present in PM, so the results have implications for strategies to measure exposures to PM and the resulting human health effects.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was funded by the National Science Foundation through award #1802474.
dc.description.urihttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4032en_US
dc.format.extent10 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2qvaw-9u4r
dc.identifier.citationChristopher J Hennigan1, Aidan Mucci and Brian E Reed1, Trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States, Environmental Research Letters, Volume 14, Number 10 (2019), https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4032en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/16288
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherIOP Publishingen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Student Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)*
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/*
dc.subjectparticulate matteren_US
dc.subjectmetalsen_US
dc.subjecturban air qualityen_US
dc.subjectPM exposureen_US
dc.titleTrends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United Statesen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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