Analysis of gas jetting and fumarole acoustics at Aso Volcano, Japan

Thumbnail Image

Files

1-s2.0-S0377027316304498-main.pdf (3.74 MB)

Links to Files

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027316304498

Permanent Link

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.03.029
 http://hdl.handle.net/11603/26628

Collections

UMBC GESTAR II

Author/Creator

Author/Creator ORCID

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-9189

Date

2017-06-21

Type of Work

journal articles
Text

Department

Program

Citation of Original Publication

McKee, Kathleen, et al. “Analysis of gas jetting and fumarole acoustics at Aso Volcano, Japan” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 340 (15 June 2017): 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107381.

Rights

This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
Public Domain Mark 1.0

Subjects

Abstract

The gas-thrust region of a large volcanic eruption column is predominately a momentum-driven, fluid flow pro- cess that perturbs the atmosphere and produces sound akin to noise from jet and rocket engines, termed “jet noise”. We aim to enhance understanding of large-scale volcanic jets by studying an accessible, less hazardous fumarolic jet. We characterize the acoustic signature of ~2.5-meter wide vigorously jetting fumarole at Aso Vol- cano, Japan using a 5-element infrasound array located on the nearby crater. The fumarole opened on 13 July 2015 on the southwest flank of the partially collapsed pyroclastic cone within Aso Volcano's Naka-dake crater and had persistent gas jetting, which produced significant audible jet noise. The array was ~220 m from the fu- marole and 57.6° from the vertical jet axis, a recording angle not typically feasible in volcanic environments. Array processing is performed to distinguish fumarolic jet noise from wind. Highly correlated periods are charac- terized by sustained, low-amplitude signal with a 7–10 Hz spectral peak. Finite difference time domain method numerical modeling suggests the influence of topography near the vent and along the propagation path signifi- cantly affects the spectral content, complicating comparisons with laboratory jet noise. The fumarolic jet has a low estimated Mach number (0.3 to 0.4) and measured temperature of ~ 260 °C. The Strouhal number for infrasound from volcanic jet flows and geysers is not known; thus we assume a peak Strouhal number of 0.19 based on pure-air laboratory jet experiments. This assumption leads to an estimated exit velocity of the fumarole of ~79 to 132 m/s. Using published gas composition data from 2003 to 2009, the fumarolic vent area estimated from thermal infrared images, and estimated jet velocity, we estimate total volatile flux at ~ 160–270 kg/s (14,000–23,000 t/d)