Magill, Shelley SO’Leary, ErinRay, Susan MKainer, Marion AWilson, Lucy EEmerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Teamet al2020-07-012020-07-012020-06-10Shelley S Magill, Erin O’Leary, Susan M Ray, Marion A Kainer, Christopher Evans, Wendy M Bamberg, Helen Johnston, Sarah J Janelle, Tolulope Oyewumi, Ruth Lynfield, Jean Rainbow, Linn Warnke, Joelle Nadle, Deborah L Thompson, Shamima Sharmin, Rebecca Pierce, Alexia Y Zhang, Valerie Ocampo, Meghan Maloney, Samantha Greissman, Lucy E Wilson, Ghinwa Dumyati, Jonathan R Edwards, Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team, Antimicrobial Use in US Hospitals: Comparison of Results From Emerging Infections Program Prevalence Surveys, 2015 and 2011, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 72, Issue 10, 15 May 2021, Pages 1784–1792, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa373https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa373http://hdl.handle.net/11603/19053Authors: Shelley S Magill, Erin O’Leary, Susan M Ray, Marion A Kainer, Christopher Evans, Wendy M Bamberg, Helen Johnston, Sarah J Janelle, Tolulope Oyewumi, Ruth Lynfield, Jean Rainbow, Linn Warnke, Joelle Nadle, Deborah L Thompson, Shamima Sharmin, Rebecca Pierce, Alexia Y Zhang, Valerie Ocampo, Meghan Maloney, Samantha Greissman, Lucy E Wilson, Ghinwa Dumyati, Jonathan R Edwards; Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team: Karen Click, Linda Frank, Deborah Godine, Brittany Martin, Erin Parker, Lauren Pasutti, Sarabeth Friedman, Annika Jones, Tabetha Kosmicki, James Fisher, Amber Maslar, James Meek, Richard Melchreit, Farzana Badrun, Anthony Fiore, Scott K. Fridkin, Susan L. Morabit, Lewis A. Perry, Rebecca Perlmutter, Elisabeth Vaeth, Annastasia Gross, Jane Harper, Brittany Pattee, Nabeelah Rahmathullah, Joan Baumbach, Marla Sievers, Cathleen Concannon, Christina Felsen, Anita Gellert, Monika Samper, Raphaelle H. Beard, Patricia Lawson, Daniel Muleta, Vicky P. ReedBackground In the 2011 US hospital prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use 50% of patients received antimicrobial medications on the survey date or day before. More hospitals have since established antimicrobial stewardship programs. We repeated the survey in 2015 to determine antimicrobial use prevalence and describe changes since 2011. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states each recruited ≤25 general and women’s and children’s hospitals. Hospitals selected a survey date from May–September 2015. Medical records for a random patient sample on the survey date were reviewed to collect data on antimicrobial medications administered on the survey date or day before. Percentages of patients on antimicrobial medications were compared; multivariable log-binomial regression modeling was used to evaluate factors associated with antimicrobial use. Results Of 12 299 patients in 199 hospitals, 6084 (49.5%; 95% CI, 48.6–50.4%) received antimicrobials. Among 148 hospitals in both surveys, overall antimicrobial use prevalence was similar in 2011 and 2015, although the percentage of neonatal critical care patients on antimicrobials was lower in 2015 (22.8% vs 32.0% [2011]; P = .006). Fluoroquinolone use was lower in 2015 (10.1% of patients vs 11.9% [2011]; P < .001). Third- or fourth-generation cephalosporin use was higher (12.2% vs 10.7% [2011]; P = .002), as was carbapenem use (3.7% vs 2.7% [2011]; P < .001). Conclusions Overall hospital antimicrobial use prevalence was not different in 2011 and 2015; however, differences observed in selected patient or antimicrobial groups may provide evidence of stewardship impact.9 pagesen-USThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.Public Domain Mark 1.0http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/Text