Roseland, Matthew J.2016-05-122016-05-122009-07http://hdl.handle.net/11603/2843This study aimed to determine whether middle school students better improve their abdominal and upper body fitness level better through teacher-directed or student-directed warm-up activities. A quasi-experimental design was used for the study utilizing a pre-test/post-test assessment strategy. After having abdominal and upper body fitness assessed using a Fitnessgram assessment, students participated in the study over the course of 30 class periods. At the beginning of each class period, students either participated in teacher-directed or student-directed warm-up activities consisting of push-ups and sit-ups. At the end of the 30-class period, a Fitnessgram assessment was once again used to determine whether student-directed or teacher-directed warm-ups produced a greater increase in abdominal and upper body fitness. The results of the post-test indicate that there is no significant difference in improvement between the student-directed and teacher-directed group.24 p.en-USCollection may be protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. To obtain information or permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Goucher Special Collections & Archives at 410-337-6347 or email archives@goucher.edu.Education -- Research papers (Graduate)Physical fitness for childrenPhysical education and training -- Study and teaching (Middle school)Text