Corbet, R. H. D.Chomiuk, L.Coe, M. J.Coley, J. B.Dubus, G.Edwards, P. G.Martin, P.McBride, V. A.Stevens, J.Strader, J.Townsend, L. J.2019-11-142019-11-142019-08-28Corbet, R.H.D., Chomiuk, L., Coe, M.J., Coley, J.B., Dubus, G., Edwards, P.G., Martin, P., McBride, V.A., Stevens, J., Strader, J., and Townsend, L.J, Discovery of the Galactic High-mass Gamma-Ray Binary 4FGL J1405.1-6119, 2019, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJ...884...93Chttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/16286We report the identification from multi-wavelength observations of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source 4FGL J1405.1-6119 (= 3FGL J1405.4-6119) as a high-mass gamma-ray binary. Observations with the LAT show that gamma-ray emission from the system is modulated at a period of 13.7135 ± 0.0019 days, with the presence of two maxima per orbit with different spectral properties. X-ray observations using the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory X-ray Telescope (XRT) show that X-ray emission is also modulated at this period, but with a single maximum that is closer to the secondary lower-energy gamma-ray maximum. A radio source, coincident with the X-ray source is also found from Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations, and the radio emission is modulated on the gamma-ray period with similar phasing to the X-ray emission. A large degree of interstellar obscuration severely hampers optical observations, but a near-infrared counterpart is found. Nearinfrared spectroscopy indicates an O6 III spectral classification. This is the third gamma-ray binary to be discovered with the Fermi LAT from periodic modulation of the gamma-ray emission, the other two sources also have early O star, rather than Be star, counterparts. We consider at what distances we can detect such modulated gamma-ray emission with the LAT, and examine constraints on the gamma-ray binary population of the Milky Way.14 pagesen-USThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.stars: individual (CXOU J053600.0-673507, 4FGL J1405.1-6119)stars: neutrongamma-rays: starsText