Treat, Claire C.Virkkala, Anna-MariaBurke, EleanorBruhwiler, LoriChatterjee, AbhishekFisher, Joshua B.Hashemi, JoshParmentier, Frans-Jan W.Rogers, Brendan M.Westermann, SebastianWatts, Jennifer D.Blanc-Betes, ElenaFuchs, MatthiasKruse, StefanMalhotra, AvniMiner, KimberleyStrauss, JensArmstrong, AmandaEpstein, Howard E.Gay, BradleyGoeckede, MathiasKalhori, AramKou, DanMiller, Charles E.Natali, Susan M.Oh, YoumiShakil, SarahSonnentag, OliverVarner, Ruth K.Zolkos, ScottSchuur, Edward A. G.Hugelius, Gustaf2024-03-132024-03-132024-02-26Treat, Claire C., Anna-Maria Virkkala, Eleanor Burke, Lori Bruhwiler, Abhishek Chatterjee, Joshua B. Fisher, Josh Hashemi, et al. "Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 129, no. 3 (2024): e2023JG007638. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007638.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007638http://hdl.handle.net/11603/31980Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include the identification of vast permafrost carbon stocks, the development of new pan-Arctic permafrost maps, an increase in terrestrial measurement sites for CO₂ and methane fluxes, and important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Process-based modeling studies now include key elements of permafrost carbon cycling and advances in statistical modeling and inverse modeling enhance understanding of permafrost region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses and model outputs, the permafrost region is likely a wetland methane source and small terrestrial ecosystem CO₂ sink with lower net CO₂ uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, the strongest CO₂ sink was located in western Canada (median: −52 g C ⁻² y ⁻¹) and smallest sinks in Alaska, Canadian tundra, and Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 g C m ⁻² y ⁻¹). Eurasian regions had the largest median wetland methane fluxes (16–18 g CH4 m ⁻² y ⁻¹). Quantifying the regional scale carbon balance remains challenging because of high spatial and temporal variability and relatively low density of observations. More accurate permafrost region carbon fluxes require: (a) the development of better maps characterizing wetlands and dynamics of vegetation and disturbances, including abrupt permafrost thaw; (b) the establishment of new year-round CO₂ and methane flux sites in underrepresented areas; and (c) improved models that better represent important permafrost carbon cycle dynamics, including non-growing season emissions and disturbance effects.27 pagesen-USThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.Public Domain Mark 1.0borealcarbonCO₂ fluxmethane fluxpermafrostreviewsynthesistundraText