dc.contributor.author	Behren, Christa von
dc.contributor.author	Yeakley, J. Alan
dc.date.accessioned	2020-04-13T16:15:25Z
dc.date.available	2020-04-13T16:15:25Z
dc.date.issued	2020-03-01
dc.description.abstract	While riparian habitat alterations from urban stream syndrome are known to affect vegetation establishment and survival, the degree to which riparian seed delivery by hydrochory is affected by urbanization is unclear. We hypothesized that (1) there would be a reduction in the overall number of seeds deposited by streams as watershed urbanization increased; and (2) in the most urbanized watersheds, seeds deposited by water would be predominantly from species with traits favoring dispersal in general, including tall stature and high seed production, and favoring deposition by water in particular, including large seed size and the presence of a dispersal appendage. Nine riparian forests, selected using a stratified random approach, were studied along a gradient of watershed impervious surface area (1–41%) in the Portland, Oregon, USA, metropolitan region. Seeds deposited by water were collected using turf traps four times over a 15‐month period that spanned both wet and dry seasonal conditions. Along the urbanization gradient of increasing total impervious area, there was a significant decrease in the total number of seeds deposited by hydrochory (adjusted R² = 0.74; P < 0.01). Deposition of seeds from shade‐tolerant and native taxa by water decreased as surrounding urbanization increased (adjusted R² = 0.57; P < 0.05). Deposition of non‐native seeds increased as urban development within 500 m from the riparian area increased (adjusted R² = 0.79, P < 0.01). The findings demonstrate that seed dispersal patterns in riparian areas are altered by urbanization. During higher rainfall seasons, flashy hydrology and stream bank scour appear to alter seed delivery in highly urban watersheds. While the urban stream syndrome contributes to altered dispersal, other urbanization pressures that affect source populations, such as vegetation removal, also limit seed delivery to riparian sites. Overall, our results suggest that urbanization can limit the regeneration processes that maintain vegetation communities in riparian forests.	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	We thank Sarah Eppley, Martin Lafrenz, Joe Maser, and Angela Strecker for their comments on an earlier version of this work. We also thank Troy McKinley, Kristen Meyer, Kristen Purdy, and Neil Robinson, for assistance with fieldwork and laboratory work. We are also grateful for the helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers. This study was funded by the GK-12 Cascades to Coast Doctoral Fellowship (NSF Grant Number 0948041) and grants from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act and US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the Native Plant Society of Oregon.	en_US
dc.description.uri	https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3049	en_US
dc.format.extent	4 files	en_US
dc.genre	journal articles	en_US
dc.identifier	doi:10.13016/m26uf2-skdj
dc.identifier.citation	Behren, Christa von; Yeakley, J. Alan; Hydrochorous seed dispersal in riparian forests altered by urbanization; Ecosphere 11,2(2020); https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3049	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3049
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11603/18025
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.publisher	Wiley Online Library	en_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAt	The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartof	UMBC Geography and Environmental Systems Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartof	UMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rights	This item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rights	Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)	*
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/	*
dc.title	Hydrochorous seed dispersal in riparian forests altered by urbanization	en_US
dc.type	Text	en_US

Hydrochorous seed dispersal in riparian forests altered by urbanization

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