Browsing by Author "Katz, U."
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Item Dual-frequency VLBI study of Centaurus A on sub-parsec scales. The highest-resolution view of an extragalactic jet(EDP sciences, 2011-05-20) Müller, C.; Kadler, M.; Ojha, R.; Wilms, J.; Böck, M.; Edwards, P. G.; Fromm, C. M.; Hase, H.; Horiuchi, S.; Katz, U.; Lovell, J. E. J.; Plötz, C.; Pursimo, T.; Richers, S.; Ros, E.; Rothschild, R. E.; Taylor, G. B.; Tingay, S. J.; Zensus, J. A.Context. Centaurus A is the closest active galactic nucleus. High resolution imaging using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) enables us to study the spectral and kinematic behavior of the radio jet–counterjet system on sub-parsec scales, providing essential information for jet emission and formation models. Aims. Our aim is to study the structure and spectral shape of the emission from the central-parsec region of Cen A. Methods. As a target of the Southern Hemisphere VLBI monitoring program TANAMI (Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry), VLBI observations of Cen A are made regularly at 8.4 and 22.3 GHz with the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) and associated telescopes in Antarctica, Chile, and South Africa. Results. The first dual-frequency images of this source are presented along with the resulting spectral index map. An angular resolution of 0.4 mas × 0.7 mas is achieved at 8.4 GHz, corresponding to a linear scale of less than 0.013 pc. Hence, we obtain the highest resolution VLBI image of Cen A, comparable to previous space-VLBI observations. By combining with the 22.3 GHz image, which has been taken without contributing transoceanic baselines at somewhat lower resolution, we present the corresponding dual-frequency spectral index distribution along the sub-parsec scale jet revealing the putative emission regions for recently detected γ-rays from the core region by Fermi/LAT. Conclusions. We resolve the innermost structure of the milliarcsecond scale jet and counterjet system of Cen A into discrete components. The simultaneous observations at two frequencies provide the highest resolved spectral index map of an AGN jet allowing us to identify multiple possible sites as the origin of the high energy emission.Item TANAMI blazars in the IceCube PeV-neutrino fields(EDP sciences, 2014-06-24) Krauß, F.; Kadler, M.; Mannheim, K.; Schulz, R.; Trüstedt, J.; Wilms, J.; Ojha, R.; Ros, E.; Anton, G.; Baumgartner, W.; Beuchert, T.; Blanchard, J.; Bürkel, C.; Carpenter, B.; Eberl, T.; Edwards, P. G.; Eisenacher, D.; Elsässer, D.; Fehn, K.; Fritsch, U.; Gehrels, N.; Gräfe, C.; Grossberger, C.; Hase, H.; Horiuchi, S.; James, C.; Kappes, A.; Katz, U.; Kreikenbohm, A.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Langejahn, M.; Leiter, K.; Litzinger, E.; Lovell, J. E. J.; Müller, C.; Phillips, C.; Plötz, C.; Quick, J.; Steinbring, T.; Stevens, J.; Thompson, D. J.; Tzioumis, A. K.The IceCube Collaboration has announced the discovery of a neutrino flux in excess of the atmospheric background. Owing to the steeply falling atmospheric background spectrum, events at PeV energies most likely have an extraterrestrial origin. We present the multiwavelength properties of the six radio-brightest blazars that are positionally coincident with these events using contemporaneous data of the TANAMI blazar sample, including high-resolution images and spectral energy distributions. Assuming the X-ray to γ-ray emission originates in the photoproduction of pions by accelerated protons, the integrated predicted neutrino luminosity of these sources is high enough to explain the two detected PeV events.Item The TANAMI Program(AIP Publishing, 2010-07-22) Müller, Cornelia; Kadler, Matthias; Ojha, Roopesh; Böck, M.; Booth, R.; Dutka, M. S.; Edwards, P.; Fey, A. L.; Fuhrmann, L.; Hase, H.; Horiuchi, S.; Jauncey, D.L.; Johnston, K.J.; Katz, U.; Lister, M.; Lovell, J.E.J.; Plötz, C.; Quick, J.F.H.; Ros, E.; Taylor, G.B.; Thompson, D.J.; Tingay, S.J.; Tosti, G.; Tzioumis, A.K.; Wilms, J.; Zensus, J.A.TANAMI (Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry) is a monitoring program to study the parsec-scale structures and dynamics of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) of the Southern Hemisphere with the Long Baseline Array and associated telescopes. Extragalactic jets south of -30 degrees declination are observed at 8.4 GHz and 22 GHz every two months at milliarcsecond resolution. The initial TANAMI sample is a hybrid radio and gamma-ray selected sample since the combination of VLBI and gamma-ray observations is crucial to understand the broadband emission characteristics of AGN.Item TANAMI: Milliarcsecond Resolution Observations of Extragalactic Gamma-ray Sources(arXiv, 2009-12-31) Ojha, Roopesh; Kadler, M.; Böck, M.; Booth, R.; Dutka, M. S.; Edwards, P. G.; Fey, A. L.; Fuhrmann, L.; Gaume, R. A.; Hase, H.; Horiuchi, S.; Jauncey, D.L.; Johnston, K. J.; Katz, U.; Lister, M.; Lovell, J. E. J.; Müller, C.; Plötz, C.; Quick, J. F. H.; Ros, E.; Taylor, G. B.; Thompson, D. J.; Tingay, S. J.; Tosti, G.; Tzioumis, A. K.; Wilms, J.; Zensus, J. A.The TANAMI (Tracking AGN with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry) and associated programs provide comprehensive radio monitoring of extragalactic gamma-ray sources south of declination -30 degrees. Joint quasi-simultaneous observations between the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and ground based observatories allow us to discriminate between competing theoretical blazar emission models. High resolution VLBI observations are the only way to spatially resolve the sub-parsec level emission regions where the high-energy radiation originates. The gap from radio to gamma-ray energies is spanned with near simultaneous data from the Swift satellite and ground based optical observatories. We present early results from the TANAMI program in the context of this panchromatic suite of observations.Item TANAMI: tracking active galactic nuclei with austral milliarcsecond interferometry(EDP sciences, 2010-09-10) Ojha, R.; Kadler, M.; Böck, M.; Booth, R.; Dutka, M. S.; Edwards, P. G.; Fey, A. L.; Fuhrmann, L.; Gaume, R. A.; Hase, H.; Horiuchi, S.; Jauncey, D. L.; Johnston, K. J.; Katz, U.; Lister, M.; Lovell, J. E. J.; Müller, C.; Plötz, C.; Quick, J. F. H.; Ros, E.; Taylor, G. B.; Thompson, D. J.; Tingay, S. J.; Tosti, G.; Tzioumis, A. K.; Wilms, J.; Zensus, J. A.Context. A number of theoretical models vie to explain the γ-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN). This was a key discovery of EGRET. With its broader energy coverage, higher resolution, wider field of view and greater sensitivity, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is dramatically increasing our knowledge of AGN γ-ray emission. However, discriminating between competing theoretical models requires quasi-simultaneous observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. By resolving the powerful parsec-scale relativistic outflows in extragalactic jets and thereby allowing us to measure critical physical properties, Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations are crucial to understanding the physics of extragalactic γ-ray objects. Aims. We introduce the TANAMI program (Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry) which is monitoring an initial sample of 43 extragalactic jets located south of -30 degrees declination at 8.4 GHz and 22 GHz since 2007. All aspects of the program are discussed. First epoch results at 8.4 GHz are presented along with physical parameters derived therefrom. Methods. These observations were made during 2007/2008 using the telescopes of the Australian Long Baseline Array in conjunction with Hartebeesthoek in South Africa. These data were correlated at the Swinburne University correlator. Results. We present first epoch images for 43 sources, some observed for the first time at milliarcsecond resolution. Parameters of these images as well as physical parameters derived from them are also presented and discussed. These and subsequent images from the TANAMI survey are available at http://pulsar.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/tanami/. Conclusions. We obtain reliable, high dynamic range images of the southern hemisphere AGN. All the quasars and BL Lac objects in the sample have a single-sided radio morphology. Galaxies are either double-sided, single-sided or irregular. About 28% of the TANAMI sample has been detected by LAT during its first three months of operations. Initial analysis suggests that when galaxies are excluded, sources detected by LAT have larger opening angles than those not detected by LAT. Brightness temperatures of LAT detections and non-detections seem to have similar distributions. The redshift distributions of the TANAMI sample and sub-samples are similar to those seen for the bright γ-ray AGN seen by LAT and EGRET but none of the sources with a redshift above 1.8 have been detected by LAT.Item TANAMI: Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry⋆(EDP sciences, 2018-02-07) Müller, C.; Kadler, M.; Ojha, R.; Schulz, R.; Trüstedt, J.; Edwards, P. G.; Ros, E.; Carpenter, B.; Angioni, R.; Blanchard, J.; Böck, M.; Burd, P. R.; Dörr, M.; Dutka, M. S.; Eberl, T.; Gulyaev, S.; Hase, H.; Horiuchi, S.; Katz, U.; Krauß, F.; Lovell, J. E. J.; Natusch, T.; Nesci, R.; Phillips, C.; Plötz, C.; Pursimo, T.; Quick, J. F. H.; Stevens, J.; Thompson, D. J.; Tingay, S. J.; Tzioumis, A. K.; Weston, S.; Wilms, J.; Zensus, J. A.Context. TANAMI is a multiwavelength program monitoring active galactic nuclei (AGN) south of − 30° declination including high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging, radio, optical/UV, X-ray, and γ-ray studies. We have previously published first-epoch8.4 GHz VLBI images of the parsec-scale structure of the initial sample. In this paper, we present images of 39 additional sources. The full sample comprises most of the radio- and γ-ray brightest AGN in the southern quarter of the sky, overlapping with the region from which high-energy (> 100 TeV) neutrino events have been found. Aims. We characterize the parsec-scale radio properties of the jets and compare them with the quasi-simultaneous Fermi/LAT γ-ray data. Furthermore, we study the jet properties of sources which are in positional coincidence with high-energy neutrino events compared to the full sample. We test the positional agreement of high-energy neutrino events with various AGN samples. Methods. TANAMI VLBI observations at 8.4 GHz are made with southern hemisphere radio telescopes located in Australia, Antarctica, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa. Results. Our observations yield the first images of many jets below − 30° declination at milliarcsecond resolution. We find that γ-ray loud TANAMI sources tend to be more compact on parsec-scales and have higher core brightness temperatures than γ-ray faint jets, indicating higher Doppler factors. No significant structural difference is found between sources in positional coincidence with high-energy neutrino events and other TANAMI jets. The 22 γ-ray brightest AGN in the TANAMI sky show only a weak positional agreement with high-energy neutrinos demonstrating that the > 100 TeV IceCube signal is not simply dominated by a small number of the γ-ray brightest blazars. Instead, a larger number of sources have to contribute to the signal with each individual source having only a small Poisson probability for producing an event in multi-year integrations of current neutrino detectors.