Browsing by Subject "Iran"
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Item Causes Of Premature Death And Associated Risk Factors In Golestan Province, Iran(2018) Oranuba, Ebele; Kamangar, Farin; Public Health and Policy; Doctor of Public HealthPremature death is devastating and about 86% of global premature deaths occur in low and middle-income nations. This study examines causes of premature death and associated risk factors in a Golestan population located in the northeastern region of Iran - an upper-middle income country. Data was analyzed for participants (N=50,045) recruited into the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) from study period 2004 to August 2017; Causes of premature mortality, burden of these causes, their associated modifiable risk factors and Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of the significant risk factors were determined. The participants were followed for a total of 444168 person-years (median years of follow-up =10 years). Of 6347 deaths in the cohort, 4018 (63.3%) of occurred prematurely. Leading causes of premature mortality include Ischemic heart disease (33.9%), stroke (14.0%), road injuries (4.7%), stomach cancer (4.6%), and esophageal cancer (4.6%). Significant predisposing/protective factors include wealth score (HR for highest vs lowest quintile: 0.57, PAF for lowest four quintiles vs top quintile: 28%), physical activity (highest vs lowest tertile: 0.67, lowest two tertiles vs top tertile: 26%), opium use (1.69, 19%), tobacco use (1.38, 17%), hypertension (1.50, 17%), education (middle-school or higher vs illiterate: 0.84, illiterate or primary vs middle-school or higher: 11%), vegetable-fruit consumption (highest vs lowest tertile: 0.87, lowest two tertiles vs top tertile: 7%), and diabetes (2.39, 6%). Collectively, these factors accounted for 73% of PAF (69% in women; 73% in men). In conclusion, this study shows that the leading causes of death in this population are non-communicable diseases including ischemic heart disease and stroke. In order to improve life expectancy, this population will greatly benefit from policies that target improving socioeconomic risk factors and interventions that aim at reducing death from road injuries and chronic diseases including circulatory diseases and neoplasms.Item Free, yet Bound: An Analysis of the Paradoxical Status of Women in the Islamic Republic of Iran(2018) Sheibaniagdam, Ashley; Political ScienceThe modem day Iranian woman enjoys access to higher education, job mobility, and even voting rights, yet she is forced to adhere to strict clothing laws and is bound by sex segregation laws every day. This paper analyzes the inherent paradox of both freedom and repression by providing a timeline of the life of a woman in Iran after the dramatic Iranian Revolution in 1979 and the emergence of Islamic theocracy embodying the means of power in Iranian society. With an understanding of the mix of both freedom and repression, this paper then investigates the reaction and response from women to their treatment to provide an understanding of how the modern Iranian woman has emerged and how post-revolutionary laws have contributed to both her advancement and constraints. This research argues that the government's choice to grant freedoms, while also instituting strict gender based laws in Post-Revolutionary Iran, has created the modern day paradoxical Iranian woman who is both highly integrated into civil society yet subjected to harsh and discriminatory laws (Terman, 2010, p.289).Item Manpower Discipline Based on Knowledge Skills: The Case of a Consulting Company in Iranian Commercial Marine Industry(SSRN, 2012) Akhavan, Peyman; Atashgah, Reza Hosnavi; Pezeshkan, AmirIn today’s world, some industries have been shifting to the knowledge based industries. Marine industry as a knowledge-dependent industry in which the knowledge and technology changes have a noticeable pace, is a good example of the knowledge based industries. In knowledge based organization and industries, the knowledge manpower plays the most important role in the organization. In fact, the knowledge workers are the real owner of the organization’s knowledge domains. So, to achieve a sustainable competitive position, organizations in commercial marine industry have to articulate suitable human resources strategies. In this article, a practical approach is defined to evaluate the knowledge capabilities based on which the appropriate strategies for manpower can be made. The case of this article is a consulting company which is working in commercial marine industry area in Iran. As the result of doing this research, this company articulates suitable strategies for its manpower after identification of the knowledge capabilities and domains available in the organization. According to this process, the manpower of the company is divided to 4 categories: workers who should be trained, workers who should be maintained and promoted, workers who should be dismissed, and specialists who should be hired due to knowledge requirements of the organization. The results of this study can highlight the roadmap of manpower strategy definition and application based on employees’ knowledge skills, which can be beneficial for both academics and practitioner in knowledge management and human resource strategic planning areas.Item NAFTOON: REFLECTIONS ON OIL IN IRANIAN SOCIETY(2017-01-01) Keshavarz, Ghazaleh; Durant, Mark Alice; Visual Arts; Imaging and Digital ArtsNaftoon is a multimedia art project in which I integrate video, audio, photo, and animation to explore the essential role of oil in Iranian society. Using the natural substance of oil as a medium and a metaphor, I consider concepts of personal and national identity. My intention is to emphasize the role of oil on a social, more than political or economic, level, but the latter issues necessarily seep through. With a focus on nature and time, as well as processes of reflection, repetition, and absorption, I aim for this site-specific installation to simultaneously mesmerize and elicit thoughtful engagement.Item The Past and Present Friends of the United States in the Middle East: Iran and Saudi Arabia(2018) Bierly, Katherine; International StudiesDifferent events, such as the Oil Crisis and the Iranian Revolution in the 1970s, influence the economic policy of the United States in the Middle East. As a result, Saudi Arabia has gained an advantage of having a closer relationship with the United States, and Iran's relationship with the United States deteriorated. The military policy is also more favorable toward Saudi Arabia than Iran. The last forty years changed the United States' interests in Iran and Saudi Arabia. The United States interest in the Middle East is as relevant today as it was at the beginning of the relationship with the two countries. Maintaining stability in the region has been a constant desire for the United States throughout the centuries. Maintaining stability in the region has been a constant desire for the United States throughout the decades. There are concerns the United States has with each country. With Iran the United States is concerned with their nuclear capabilities and with Saudi Arabia their oil. This thesis will demonstrate the different foreign policies the United States has with Iran and Saudi Arabia and how the policies influence the favoring of Saudi Arabia instead of Iran.Item The United States policy toward Iran and Saudi Arabia(2017) Bierly, Katherine; Political Science; International StudiesThis thesis will try to understand what the differences in policy between the United States is with Saudi Arabia and Iran and how the policies influence the relationship. Another aspect of the paper is how the United States' supports Saudi Arabia over Iran. The United States economic policy is more supportive of Saudi Arabia than it is of Iran. The military policy is also more favorable toward Saudi Arabia than Iran. The last forty years changed the United States' interests in Iran and Saudi Arabia. Even though both countries have been affected by terrorism, the United States supports Saudi Arabia. The sections discussed through this thesis will be a brief overview of the history of the countries examined. After the history, the economic policy of the United States will be discussed. The United States military and defense policy will be explained as well. The paper will conclude with how both countries are affected by extremist terrorism.