Browsing by Subject "Maryland--Baltimore"
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Item A Comparison Of Household Demographics Relative To Fixed Guideway Transit Catchment In Baltimore City(2009) Nembhard, Kyle Anthony; Pressley, Joyce Ann; City and Regional Planning; Master of City and Regional PlanningThis thesis examines household demographics near Metro and Light Rail stations in Baltimore City. This thesis used Census data from 1990 and 2000 and MTA 2008 Ridership Survey data in order to see if household incomes were higher in areas that were served by Metro and Light Rail while lower income households were located in areas that were only served by local bus. The hypothesis was that areas that are served by light rail and metro systems were attracting higher-income households and causing gentrification. The research found that no distinctive pattern exists in Baltimore City that suggests that housing was stratified based on its location relative to Metro or Light Rail.Item Baltimore's Desires: Mapping Intimacy Through Letters From Slavery To Civil Rights(2015) Cottle, Katherine Elizabeth; Nerad, Julie C.; English and Languages; Doctor of Philosophy"Baltimore's Desires: Mapping Intimacy through Letters from Slavery to Civil Rights" provides a new lens of Baltimore through the examination of preserved and unpreserved intimate letters which passed through Baltimore by prominent residential and visiting figures from the 1850's to the 1950's. Viewing intimacy through five different desires, this dissertation creates a map of Baltimore which transcends race, class, physical and mental health, sexual identity, gender, and temporal frameworks. Communicating due to a desire for freedom, Frederick Douglass, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, and Harriet Tubman highlight the lack of preserved and intimate letters by Baltimore's early African American community. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Lidian Jackson Emerson's intimate letters, as well as those written by Mark Twain and Olivia Langdon Clemens, explore correspondence written by prominent men for the sake of communication and companionship while traveling through Baltimore. The desire for mental and physical health and wholeness drives the intimate letters of renown Baltimore couples H. L. Mencken and Sara Haardt, and F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, who were physically separated due to Haardt's and Zelda Fitzgerald's health disabilities. Emily Dickinson's letters to her sister-in-law, Susan Huntington Gilbert (Dickinson) (written while Huntington taught at a girls' school in Baltimore); Eleanor Roosevelt and journalist Lorena Hickok's correspondence (written while Hickok was based in Baltimore, reporting for the Federal Emergency Relief Administration); and Dr. Esther Richard's (psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins Hospital) letters to Dr. Abby Howe Turner (professor at Mount Holyoke) expose the desire to write intimate letters to gain female intimacy. W. E. B. Du Bois and Nina Gomer Du Bois's letters sent to and from "Du Bois Cottage" on Montebello Terrace; Thurgood Marshall's missing personal correspondence with his first wife, Vivian Burey Marshall; and Clarence Mitchell, Jr.'s privately housed/unprocessed love letters to his wife, Juanita Jackson Mitchell, showcase the challenges of locating and examining private letters by public civil rights figures. By viewing and discussing a range of desires, prominent figures, and geographies within Baltimore's history, the intimate letter's vital role as a socio-political catalyst and underlying force of the human condition is undeniable, universal, and more relevant to Baltimore's current generation of residents and visitors.Item Gender Differences In Hiv Risk Behaviors Among Heterosexuals At High Risk For Hiv In Baltimore, Maryland In 2010(2014) Ogbue, Christine Powell; Hawkins, Anita S.; Public Health and Policy; Doctor of Public HealthThere is evidence of a generalized HIV epidemic (>1%) among low income, African American heterosexuals in the United States (CDC, 2013d). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate the association between gender and HIV risk among heterosexuals at high risk in Baltimore. Identifying how gender may influence risk behaviors among a current high-risk population will be useful insuring the appropriateness of HIV prevention programs, especially gender specific interventions. These data were from the Baltimore arm of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) called the Behavioral Health Surveillance Research Study (BESURE) and were collected using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Interviewers administered a survey using a Handheld Assisted Personal Interview HAPI; and a free HIV test was offered. Chi-squared tests and regression models were used to determine gender differences in high HIV risk sexual behaviors, specific sexual partner types, concurrent sexual partners, and age discordance in sexual partnerships. The results of this study indicated that there were gender differences in HIV risk behaviors. Specifically, men reported more unprotected sex with casual or exchange partners (p=.02) and women reported more concurrent partnerships (p=.00). Income, education level, and marital status were associated with increased HIV risk behaviors. Thus, policies and programs focused on reducing HIV risk behaviors need to address these macro level issues as well as the actual behaviors. These findings provide a more in-depth view of the context in which high-risk behaviors occur, including the frequency of specific sexual partner selection behaviors other than unprotected sex.Item Leading From Behind: The Role Of Women In Sharp Street United Methodist Church, 1898-1921(2010) Jamison, Felicia Lorraine; Newman-Ham, Debra Newman; History and Geography; Master of ArtsThis thesis will demonstrate the monumental role that African-American women played in Sharp Street United Methodist Church from 1898 to 1921. It was not until 1898 that women began to form independent organizations to assist in defraying the newly acquired $70,000 debt for the new edifice. Gaining a sense of autonomy, they began to assert themselves in their community and nation by participating in the Women's Club Movement and the Progressive Movement. The study concludes with the erection of the Community House in 1921. Using minutes from the Sharp Street Trustees Reports, the Afro-American newspaper, and the church newspapers, The Appeal and The Messenger, this case study will recount the story of how ordinary church women socially and financially impacted their church, community, and nation through service.Item Nutrition In Transition: An Examination Of Nutritional Attitudes And Behaviors Among A Transitional Housing Population In Baltimore, Md(2016) Bustad, Kendall M; O'Keefe, Anne Marie; Public Health and Policy; Doctor of Public HealthBaltimore City has the highest rate of homelessness in all of the counties in Maryland. On any single night in Baltimore City, 2,796 men, women, and children experience homelessness. This number has continued to rise each year since 2007. The development of transitional housing has shown promise by seeking to move homeless towards independent living. However, when homeless persons transition from living on the street to living in a transitional house, they tend to only be treated for their possible mental health, physical health, and substance abuse issues, while proper nutrition education is not offered. Nutritional data available about this population is scarce and the limited amount of data indicates that they do not meet USDA recommendation for fruits and vegetables, they have more nutritional related diseases than the general population, and improper eating habits persist even as homeless individuals secure permanent housing. These factors not only present serious barriers to this population's overall health, they also inhibit their recovery to self-reliance when they move into permanent housing. This study was formative in nature and employed a mixed methods inquiry, utilizing socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, and policy factors into the message design, evaluation, and dissemination of nutrition education sessions. In seeking to understand the nutritional attitudes and behaviors of homeless and transitional housing populations in Baltimore, Maryland, the primary goal of this research was to (1) translate knowledge to improve the nutritional health of this population, and (2) evaluate the need for and refinement of nutrition education for homeless living in transitional houses. Statistical data showed significant changes in how participants described their diet, willingness to eat a variety of fruits, willingness to going out of their way to purchase fruits and vegetables, willingness to try new vegetables, knowing how to choose fruits and vegetables in season, and knowing about vitamins found in fruits and vegetables. Focus group data uncovered that the participants became more aware of their improper eating habits, incorporated some aspect of the nutrition session into their daily lives, and wanted more in-depth and longer nutrition sessions. An understanding of this population's nutrition knowledge, practices, and needs will allow for more targeted and relevant representations of inquiry.Item The City Of The Dead For Colored People: Baltimore's Mount Auburn Cemetery, 1807-2012(2013) Fletcher, Kami; Newman-Ham, Debra Newman; History and Geography; Doctor of PhilosophyThe City of the Dead for Colored People: The Creation of Mount Auburn Cemetery explores the common theme of African American history-the struggle for freedom and autonomy-via the African American cemetery. This study first focuses on how African Americans in Baltimore, MD agitated and succeeded in establishing African American burial rights. Secondly, it argues that these burial rights led to African Americans obtaining freedom and autonomy. This study is specifically situated on Mount Auburn Cemetery, located in South Baltimore, and examines the numerous social and historical factors that shaped, transformed, and ultimately led to a small African American burial ground becoming a thirty-four acre cemetery, a social institution, and a business. Starting in 1807, seven African Americans bought two and one-fourth acres of land giving African Americans, free and enslaved, a right to freedom through death. African Americans could not control their enslaved and marginalized lives, but they could control their deaths. Post emancipation, the cemetery strategized a moved to South Baltimore, bought more land, and created a symbiotic relationship with a newly formed African American community by the name of Hullsville. The cemetery professionalized and became a business paving the way for independent African American morticians. It is important to note that this dissertation is not a narrow history of some obscure cemetery that fell into disarray. Instead, it places Mount Auburn Cemetery as a unit of analysis in order to do the following: a) illustrate the historical significance of Mount Auburn Cemetery to the African American community; b) study nineteenth century and twentieth century race relations between Blacks and Whites, especially the relationship involved within the origins of the cemetery; c) understand the significance of African American cultural norms and the interconnectedness of death and funerary practices within the Black community.Item The Reverberating Influence Of Historical Trauma On The Health Of African Americans In Baltimore City(2017) Henderson, Corey Jermaine; Brown, Lawrence; Public Health and Policy; Doctor of Public HealthHistory details that Black residents of Baltimore City experienced historical trauma over multiple generations of segregation, forced displacement, physical and psychological violence, economic deprivation, and cultural loss. The Black community in Baltimore City has battled policies and practices that created many barriers to equality in education, housing, health care access, and delivery. In the past century, it would appear that Blacks have advanced to overcome social, political, and economic. However, a deeper look at these advances reveals a fractured Black community. The effects from centuries of trauma are present in the Black family, community, and culture. This research presents a qualitative analysis of how living during segregation and integration policy transition influenced the health of Blacks in Baltimore City. Using phenomenological research to understand the lived experiences of the research participants, nine themes emerged from in depth interviews. The themes revealed that segregation, inequality, and systemic racism are prevalent in the trauma experiences of Black Baltimore residents, even to the present day. Four themes emerged from the negative influence of trauma, while an additional five themes revealed resilience protective factors that Blacks used to counter the trauma of segregation and systemic racism. Michelle Sotero's (2006) Conceptual Model of Historical Trauma is modified with specificity of the history, trauma, lived experiences, and trauma response of African Americans that live in Baltimore City. Recommendations include adding race-based historical trauma to public health research and interventions. This research suggests that future research should include the phenomenon of segregation's influence on Black Baltimore residents' health to understand root causes of health disparities.