Browsing by Subject "Neighborhoods"
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Item Divergent and similar experiences of 'gating' in South Africa: Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town(Springer Nature, 2008) Lemanski, Charlotte; Landman, Karina; Durington, Matthew Slover; Towson University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal JusticeThe last 20 years has witnessed an explosion not only in the growth of private residential territories throughout the world, but also in the literature addressing them. The majority of research is centred on experiences in the United States and Latin America (although studies elsewhere are increasing) and suffers from a tendency to homogenise the processes and consequences of gating as synonymous whether experienced in Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City or São Paulo. Whilst axiomatic to state the unlikelihood of identical trends in such differing contexts, the absence of such a statement in the literature is significant. This paper addresses the social and spatial phenomenon of residential gated communities in three of South Africa’s major cities: Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town. Detailed background and discussion regarding the development and experience of ‘gating’ in each city is analysed, emphasising the uniqueness of each city’s gating experience. These indications, that gating is not a universal experience despite some common themes, serve to counter the homogenous discourse in both popular and academic parlance throughout the world and within South Africa. In addition, particular concerns related to the growth of residential forms based on exclusion and privatisation within the South African context, are considered. In essence, we conclude that while ‘gating’ may be an individually rational decision in the context of South Africa’s growing crime, its collective consequences produce a divided city, at odds with post-apartheid ideals of unity and equality.Item For Richer Or Poorer: A Secondary Analysis Of The Hill Neighborhood Small Area Plan For Community Development(2016) Cotton, Candace; Chipungu, Sandra S.; Social Work; Doctor of PhilosophyThe purpose of this secondary data analysis was to examine differences amongst the four constructs (bondedness, socioeconomic status (SES), rootedness and neighborhood). This study also investigated whether residents' demographic characteristics race/ethnicity, age and gender were associated with the four constructs. Participants in this study were resident's from Easton's “the Hill” neighborhood in Maryland. Hypothesis tested whether or not H1: There were differences among race/ethnicity, age group and the construct bondedness of residents in the neighborhood. H2: There were differences among gender, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) of residents. H3: There were there were differences among race/ethnicity, age group and the construct rootedness of residents. H4: There were differences among residents' gender, race/ethnicity and neighborhood constructs in the Hill neighborhood. Methodology in this quantitative study utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA) and inferential statistics to analyze data from a survey instrument, developed by Morgan State University's School of Architecture and Planning (2013). Findings revealed significant effects for race/ethnicity, gender on socioeconomic status (SES) of residents. Rootedness of Non-White residents, over age 50, was significantly higher than White residents. African American residents' rootedness was also higher than Hispanic and White residents. White male residents' views on what was important to see in a neighborhood, like the Hill were significantly different. African American, Hispanic, and White female residents' views on what was important to see in a neighborhood were the same. Implications for Social Work in the 21st century, this study contributed to community practice literature and research on neighborhoods. The outcomes of this study include recommendations for future research and best practices for working with diverse groups of residents in neighborhoods. This may help promote equality of opportunity in decision making and support plans for community development.Item Shot Through the Heart(Originally published by: Urbanite Magazine, 2010-06-01) Rudacille, Deborah; EnglishItem Transformed Neighborhoods And Household Characteristics(2014) Fakiyesi, Ajibola T.; Reed, Randal L.; Economics; Master of ArtsOver the years, neighborhoods across the country have undergone transformation. There has always been a tendency to examine the superficial causes of transformations. Several studies in the literature focus on racial transformation as a key driver of neighborhood change. This study departs from the usual trend of examining neighborhood transformation by looking at just the racial component of neighborhood change. Rather, in addition to examining the racial composition of neighborhoods, it also seeks to analyze the underlying characteristics of households that make up neighborhoods with a view to understanding how changes in household characteristics drive transformation. The economic and policy implications of the resulting relationships are then discussed. The study utilizes publicly available Census Data at the zip code level in the United States for year 2000 and 2010. Neighborhoods were classified into six broad categories based on certain definitions: Minority-Gentrified, Minority-Stable, Minority-Transformed, Majority-Gentrified, Majority-Stable, and Majority-Transformed. The results revealed that most minority neighborhoods tend to be concentrated in the inner-city while majority neighborhoods are typically found in the suburbs and rural areas. Each of these neighborhood types has distinct household characteristics; hence, the need to identify these characteristics and their short term and long term implications on the demand for public goods. The study found that majority neighborhoods are generally characterized by high income households, lower than average household size, high level of employment and high rates of home ownership. Local governments in majority neighborhoods have access to more resources that can be utilized in funding developmental projects. On the other hand, minority neighborhoods lag significantly behind majority neighborhoods and lack the optimum combination of characteristics needed to support a vital neighborhood. As such local governments presiding over them tend to scramble for resources to meet the growing needs of their constituents.