Browsing by Subject "Neuroendocrinology"
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Item Heterogeneous Expression of the Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter KCC₂ in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons of the Adult Mouse(Oxford Academic, 2003-07-01) Leupen, Sarah M.; Tobet, Stuart A.; Crowley, W. F. Jr.,; Kaila, KaiIn mature central neurons, chloride extrusion mediated by the K-Cl cotransporter KCC₂ appears to be largely responsible for the Cl− driving force that allows γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor activation to trigger a hyperpolarization. In its absence, GABA’s effect is typically depolarizing and often excitatory. We examined the colocalization of KCC₂ and GnRH in adult male and female mice using a combined in situ hybridization-immunofluorescence procedure. We found that KCC₂ was localized to approximately 34% of GnRH neurons. This proportion was similar in females and males. However, females exhibited a marked rostrocaudal gradient of colocalization that was not seen in males. By contrast, KCC₂ was localized to nearly all vasopressin neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. These results indicate that a substantial fraction of GnRH neurons may be depolarized and excited by GABAA receptor activation throughout life, supporting the existence of functionally heterogeneous subpopulations.Item Neuropeptide Y Y1-Receptor Stimulation Is Required for Physiological Amplification of Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surges(Oxford Academic, 1997-07-01) Leupen, Sarah M.; Besecke, Leslie M.; Levine, Jon E.Item Role of Protein Kinase C in Facilitation of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Releasing Hormone-Induced LH Surges by Neuropeptide Y(Oxford Academic, 1999-08-01) Leupen, Sarah M.; Levine, Jon E.