Browsing by Subject "Regulation"
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Item Informational Requirements for Transcriptional Regulation(2014-05-01) O'Neill, Patrick K.; Forder, Robert; Erill, IvanTranscription factors (TFs) regulate transcription by binding to specific sites in promoter regions. Information theory provides a useful mathematical framework to analyze the binding motifs associated with TFs but imposes several assumptions that limit their applicability to specific regulatory scenarios. Explicit simulations of the co-evolution of TFs and their binding motifs allow the study of the evolution of regulatory networks with a high degree of realism. In this work we analyze the impact of differential regulatory demands on the information content of TF-binding motifs by means of evolutionary simulations. We generalize a predictive index based on information theory, and we validate its applicability to regulatory scenarios in which the TF binds significantly to the genomic background. Our results show a logarithmic dependence of the evolved information content on the occupancy of target sites and indicate that TFs may actively exploit pseudo-sites to modulate their occupancy of target sites. In regulatory networks with differentially regulated targets, we observe that information content in TF-binding motifs is dictated primarily by the fraction of total probability mass that the TF assigns to its target sites, and we provide a predictive index to estimate the amount of information associated with arbitrarily complex regulatory systems. We observe that complex regulatory patterns can exert additional demands on evolved information content, but, given a total occupancy for target sites, we do not find conclusive evidence that this effect is because of the range of required binding affinities.Item Quarantined and Sequestered: Tattoo Charlie's and Tattoo Regulation in Baltimore, 1938 to 1980(2020-01-20) Tucker, Zachariah Davis; Blair, Melissa; History; Historical StudiesThe scholarship on American tattoo history is characterized by its chronological gaps and lack of varied perspectives or methodological approaches. This research focuses on a Baltimore tattoo business'shistory from 1938 to 1980 to shed light on under-researched decades in current tattoo historiography and to incorporate urban history into those discussions. The analysis of Tattoo Charlie'son Baltimore'sinfamous ?Block? argues that the municipal leaders constructed ordinances regulating tattoo shop operation in Baltimore to separate the people associated with tattooing from the general public. In 1953, the Baltimore City Council approached tattoo legislation with the goal of constraining tattooing rather than outright banning it. Baltimore'sstrategy was completely different than cities like Norfolk and New York in the same time period, whose governments passed ordinances that outlawed tattooing and scattered tattoo shop owners back to the profession'snomadic roots. These conclusions surrounding Baltimore urban and tattoo business histories serve as initial steps in broadening the scope of both discussions.Item Regulatory enforcement, politics, and institutional distance: OSHA inspections 1990-2010(Towson University. Department of Economics, 2013-04-25) Jung, Juergen; Makowsky, Michael D.; Towson University. Department of EconomicsWe explore the determinants of inspection outcomes across 1.6 million Occupational Safety and Health Agency audits from 1990 through 2010. We find that discretion in enforcement differs in state and federally conducted inspections. State agencies are more sensitive to local economic conditions, finding fewer standard violations and fewer serious violations as unemployment increases. Larger companies receive greater lenience in multiple dimensions. Inspector issued fines and final fines, after negotiated reductions, are both smaller during Republican presidencies. Quantile regression analysis reveals that Presidential and Congressional party affiliations have their greatest impact on the largest negotiated reductions in fines.Item TRUSTED COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LARGE VOLUME AND HIGH VELOCITY DATA(2023-01-01) Kim, Dae-young; Joshi, Karuna P; Information Systems; Information SystemsOrganizations are increasingly sharing large volumes of datasets with each other to better manage their services. These datasets often contain sensitive Personally Identifiable Information (PII) about individuals, like those pertaining to their health, finance, or cybersecurity. Protecting PII data has become increasingly important in todayÕs digital age, and several regulations have been formulated to ensure the secure exchange and management of sensitive personal data. However, at times some of these regulations are at loggerheads with each other, like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Cures Act; and this adds complexity to the already challenging task of Data compliance. As public concern regarding sensitive data breaches grows, finding solutions that streamline compliance processes and enhance individual privacy is crucial. We have developed a novel TRUsted Compliance Enforcement (TRUCE) framework for secure data exchange at high volume and high velocity, which aims to automate compliance procedures and enhance trusted data management within organizations. This framework, developed using approaches from AI/Knowledge representation and Semantic Web technologies, includes a trust management method that incorporates static ground truth, represented by regulations such as HIPAA, and dynamic ground truth, defined by an organizationÕs policies. The effectiveness of the TRUCE Framework is validated through real-world use cases, including health data exchange and maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) missions. Our methods serve to streamline compliance efforts and ensure adherence to privacy regulations and can be used by organizations to manage compliance of large velocity data exchange at real time.