Browsing by Subject "innovation"
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Item Beyond 140 Characters: Introduction to The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth(National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020-11) Andrews, Michael J.; Chatterji, Aaron; Stern, ScottThis is an introduction to the forthcoming volume "The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth." The chapters collected in this volume seek to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between innovation/entrepreneurship and economic growth in specific industrial sectors? How has the relationship between innovation /entrepreneurship and economic growth changed over time? How much do policies, programs, and specialized institutions meant to encourage innovation or entrepreneurship ultimately spur economic growth? Does innovation or entrepreneurship affect economic performance and social progress other than through measured productivity and economic growth, and if so, how can these effects be measured? We synthesize the chapters in this volume and present broad conclusions.Item Doing more with less : an assessment of senior executive attitudes and behaviors towards innovation in a federal agency(2014-05) Stevens, Mark D.; Callahan, John J.; Naylor, Lorenda A.; Henderson, Lenneal J.; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationOver the last four decades, the interplay between leadership and innovation has garnered increasing discussion in public administration literature. There is growing evidence that leaders play a significant role in fostering innovation in organizations; however, there has been limited attention devoted to executive leadership support for innovation within the public sector at the federal level. This qualitative narrative inquiry was designed to explore the applicability of Bass and Avolio's model of transactional and transformational leadership in the context of public sector bureaucratic innovation. The impact of attitudes and behaviors of public sector leaders support innovation is not well documented. The lack of research examining various leadership styles and their impact on innovation poses a major gap in knowledge for federal agencies trying to find efficient and effective management strategies in tight budgetary times. Based on this information, the purpose of this research study is to explore, identify, and understand the perceptions, attitudes and behaviors of career senior executives and the impact of their leadership styles on innovation within their federal agencies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess leadership and innovation. The unit of analysis was a group of ten Institutes and Centers within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). These agencies represented diverse organizations that diverge in areas of available resources, organizational culture, and organizational structure. The interviews explored emerging themes and provided ideas for encouraging the use of innovation within federal agencies. Written government documents were employed to corroborate the interview findings. The study results confirm previous studies that the role of the leader in the group process is important to creating an environment for the use of innovation based on four significant factors: administrative discretion, length of service in the Senior Executive Service, transformational leadership, and organizational culture. The results also indicate the transformational leadership model offers the best approach to support innovation. This includes results-oriented strategy, risk-taking, adequate resources, rewards for innovators, and replication efforts to sustain innovation. The study findings show that innovation is being used at the federal level. The findings also suggest that communicating the value and importance of innovation, assessing the need and use of innovation, fostering and rewarding innovation, and cultivating a greater awareness of innovation principles and practices in training and development are all vital aspects to the use and success of innovation. Lastly, the findings indicate the importance of considering more expanded studies into innovation use across federal agencies to enhance their management and decision-making processes.Item Innovation and extension relevancy in the 21st century(2016-03-07) McCoy, Teresa; Spencer, Chris; Wilson-Gentry, Laura; Braun, Bonnie; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationRogers (2003) cites the agricultural Extension Service as being the most successful organization in diffusion of research given the tremendous progress made in food production (165). However, he also acknowledges that Extension's diffusion work has been more effective in diffusing agricultural production technology to farmers than in diffusing other subject-matter content to farm and nonfarm audiences (394). Yet, as the literature review shows, there is not further theoretical understanding beyond what Rogers (2003) developed to help the Cooperative Extension Service (CES) understand how to mobilize its vast resources and expertise to respond to a national educational need. Without this understanding, CES relinquishes opportunities to serve the public as it was envisioned in the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 and the land-grant universities jeopardize their contemporary relevance. Therefore, additional theory for CES needs to be generated that goes beyond the existing diffusion of innovations framework. The purpose of this research is to: 1) understand the experiences of Extension educators and specialists involved in the nation-wide Smart Choice Health Insuranceā¢ program innovation and diffusion process and 2) generate theory that makes meaning of the processes and conditions that were present before and during the CES Smart Choice program innovation and diffusion process. This study is designed to add to the theoretical understanding of program innovation and diffusion in CES, which was Rogers (2003) initial reference point for the DOI framework. The research aids in understanding a program innovation that is in process as a result of a national policy innovation diffusion--the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148). A mixed-methods design allows a qualitative process to explore the processes, experiences, and situations of the people involved (Brower and Jeong 2008) while examining quantitative secondary data about the external environment. The benefit of this research is that Extension administrators and educators at the national, state, and local levels can better understand the experiences, conditions, and processes that occur if and when CES mobilizes to address a public educational issue, opportunity, or need. This understanding will contribute to Extension and public administration about what is needed to create a culture of innovation, make program or policy decisions about resource placement, and enhance program and/or policy development and diffusion.Item Measuring Academic Freedom and Intellectual Diversity(Heterodox Academy, 2020-08-12) Noue, George LaWhenever a university claims commitment to academic excellence, critical thinking, research productivity, career preparation, innovation, diversity and inclusion or academic freedom, there is a legitimate question about whether these terms are just fashionable slogans or actual campus characteristics. Definitions and measurement are key. Reliable and relevant data are necessary.Item Patent Laws and the War on Good Drugs(EconLib, 2001-11-26) Rose, Morgan