Browsing by Subject "transparency"
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Item Classified Boards, the Cost of Debt, and Firm Performance(2012) Chen, DongThis paper documents that classified boards substantially reduce the cost of debt. The evidence is not consistent with the argument that bondholders benefit from board classification because they are concerned about hostile takeovers. Instead, the results suggest that weak shareholder rights in the form of classified boards reduce managerial risk-taking, and the lessened concern for takeovers also increases managerial incentive for financial disclosure, with both effects inuring to bondholders’ benefit. Under the circumstances that the agency conflict between shareholders and bondholders is severe, classified boards are benign to firm performance, despite their adverse impact on performance otherwise.Item Explaining County Government Fiscal Transparency in an Age of e-Government(State and Local Government Review, 2014) Bernick, E. Lee; Birds, Jonathan M.; Brekken, Katheryne; Gourrier, Al G.This research seeks to explain the fiscal transparency practices of individual U.S. counties by examining the extent of information shared with constituents via county government Web sites. This study evaluates a random sample of 400 U.S. counties, where 19 percent of those represented have populations of 100,000 or more residents, matching the same ratio of counties with populations of 100,000 or more residents nationally. We create a four-level categorical dependent variable measuring fiscal transparency and use a generalized ordered logit analysis with eight independent variables to explain the extent of fiscal transparency among the sample.Item Optical characteristics of novel bulk and nanoengineered laser host materials(SPIE, 2018-02-23) Prasad, Narasimha S.; Sova, Stacey; Kelly, Lisa; Bevan, Talon; Arnold, Bradley; Cooper, Christopher; Choa, Fow-Sen; Singh, N. B.The hexagonal apatite single crystals have been investigated for their applications as laser host materials. Czochralksi and flux growth methods have been utilized to obtain single crystals. For low temperature processing (<100 ⁰C), several techniques for crystal growth have been developed. The hexagonal apatite structure (space group P⁶3/m) is characteristic of several compounds, some of which have extremely interesting and useful properties as laser hosts and bone materials. Calcium lanthanum silicate (Nd-doped) and lanthanum aluminate material systems were studied in detail. Nanoengineered calcium and lanthanum based silicates were synthesized by a solution method and their optical and morphological characteristics were compared with Czochralski grown bulk hydroxyapatite single crystals. Materials were evaluated by absorbance, fluorescence and Raman characteristics. Neodymium, iron and chromium doped crystals grown by a solution method showed weak but similar optical properties to that of Czochralski grown single crystals.Item Strong coupling and induced transparency at room temperature with single quantum dots and gap plasmons(2018 Springer Nature Limited, 2018-10-01) Leng, Haixu; Szychowski, Brian; Daniel, Marie-Christine; Pelton, MatthewCoherent coupling between plasmons and transition dipole moments in emitters can lead to two distinct spectral effects: vacuum Rabi splitting at strong coupling strengths, and induced transparency (also known as Fano interference) at intermediate coupling strengths. Achieving either strong or intermediate coupling between a single emitter and a localized plasmon resonance has the potential to enable single-photon nonlinearities and other extreme light–matter interactions, at room temperature and on the nanometer scale. Both effects produce two peaks in the spectrum of scattering from the plasmon resonance, and can thus be confused if scattering measurements alone are performed. Here we report measurements of scattering and photoluminescence from individual coupled plasmon–emitter systems that consist of a single colloidal quantum dot in the gap between a gold nanoparticle and a silver film. The measurements unambiguously demonstrate weak coupling (the Purcell effect), intermediate coupling (Fano interference), and strong coupling (Rabi splitting) at room temperature.