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Item A Historical Perspective on Land Tenure Security(Springer, 2022-07-15) Sunderlin, William D.; Holland, MargaretIn this chapter, we explore the forces that have shaped the current challenge of securing land tenure for those with little voice, power, and means. Focusing on the Global South, we identify trends in the ebb and flow of land tenure security and insecurity, distinguishing between those tied to agricultural-based societies and forest-dependent populations where relevant. We spotlight the broad arc of history tied to land access: the widespread acquisition of land by the powerful dating several centuries back, the partial restoration of local land access beginning in the mid-twentieth century (e.g., post-colonial governments, agricultural land reform and redistribution movements, and forest management devolution), the land-grabbing phenomenon and violence of recent years, and the current uncertainty over future directions for tenure security.Item Benchmarking Parallel K-Means Cloud Type Clustering from Satellite Data(Springer, Cham, 2019-10-08) Barajas, Carlos; Guo, Pei; Mukherjee, Lipi; Hoban, Susan; Wang, Jianwu; Jin, Daeho; Gangopadhyay, Aryya; Gobbert, Matthias K.The study of clouds, i.e., where they occur and what are their characteristics, plays a key role in the understanding of climate change. Clustering is a common machine learning technique used in atmospheric science to classify cloud types. Many parallelism techniques e.g., MPI, OpenMP and Spark, could achieve efficient and scalable clustering of large-scale satellite observation data. In order to understand their differences, this paper studies and compares three different approaches on parallel clustering of satellite observation data. Benchmarking experiments with k-means clustering are conducted with three parallelism techniques, namely OpenMP, OpenMP+MPI, and Spark, on a HPC cluster using up to 16 nodes.Item Chapter 4 - Ozonesondes: Instrumentation and Data Applications(Elsevier, 2022-09-30) Thompson, Anne M.; Smit, Herman G.J.; Kollonige, Debra E.; Stauffer, Ryan M.The ozonesonde instrument, launched on a standard weather balloon along with a radiosonde, has been used for more than 50 years to measure ozone concentrations in the troposphere to mid-stratosphere. The measurement is based on an electrochemical reaction, avoiding associated with optical techniques, and can achieve a 5% or better accuracy and precision when careful preparation and data-processing methods are employed. Instrument details are described and the global ozonesonde network illustrated. The use of the ozonesonde in the complement of ground-based instruments that validate satellite ozone instruments is described. Satellite data in turn help maintain consistency of long-term ozonesonde measurements.Item Emerging Research Needs and Policy Priorities for Advancing Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development(Springer, 2022-07-15) Masuda, Yuta J.; Robinson, Brian E.; Holland, Margaret; Tseng, Tzu-Wei Joy; Frechette, AlainAs research and policies around securing tenure for people across the world grows, we have a deeper understanding of what works and what does not. Here, we draw attention to contemporary evidence gaps that continue to hinder efforts to strengthen land tenure security (LTS) for sustainable development. We also highlight areas ripe for policy testing and innovation and discuss promising pathways for advancing research and practice for LTS.Item Facilitating e-Science Discovery Using Scientific Workflows on the Grid(Springer, 2011-01-01) Wang, Jianwu; Korambath, Prakashan; Kim, Seonah; Johnson, Scott; Jin, Kejian; Crawl, Daniel; Altintas, Ilkay; Smallen, Shava; Labate, Bill; Houk, Kendall N.e-Science has been greatly enhanced from the developing capability and usability of cyberinfrastructure. This chapter explains how scientific workflow systems can facilitate e-Science discovery in Grid environments by providing features including scientific process automation, resource consolidation, parallelism, provenance tracking, fault tolerance, and workflow reuse. We first overview the core services to support e-Science discovery. To demonstrate how these services can be seamlessly assembled, an open source scientific workflow system, called Kepler, is integrated into the University of California Grid. This architecture is being applied to a computational enzyme design process, which is a formidable and collaborative problem in computational chemistry that challenges our knowledge of protein chemistry. Our implementation and experiments validate how the Kepler workflow system can make the scientific computation process automated, pipelined, efficient, extensible, stable, and easy-to-use.Item Property Rights, Tenure Form, and Tenure Security(Springer, 2022-07-15) Masuda, Yuta J.; Robinson, Brian E.; Holland, MargaretLand tenure security is often inconsistently defined, conceptualized, and measured. This can create confusion in research and practice. Here, we provide a summary of the differences between property rights, tenure form, and land tenure security. The chapter provides a brief review of the history and evolution of research on these topics, how they intersect, and why distinguishing these concepts is important for research and practice.Item Refusal, Service, and Collective Agency - The Everyday and Quiet Resistance of Black Souther Activists(UGA Press) Mccutcheon, Priscilla; Kohl, EllenItem Representation Learning of Taxonomies for Taxonomy Matching(Springer, 2019-06-08) Lin, Hailun; Liu, Yong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, JianwuTaxonomy matching aims to discover categories alignments between two taxonomies, which is an important operation of knowledge sharing task to benefit many applications. The existing methods for taxonomy matching mostly depend on string lexical features and domain-specific information. In this paper, we consider the method of representation learning of taxonomies, which projects categories and relationships into low-dimensional vector spaces. We propose a method to takes advantages of category hierarchies and siblings, which exploits a low-dimensional semantic space to modeling categories relations by translating operations in the semantic space. We take advantage of maximum weight matching problem on bipartite graphs to model taxonomy matching problem, which runs in polynomial time to generate optimal categories alignments for two taxonomies in a global manner. Experimental results on OAEI benchmark datasets show that our method significantly outperforms the baseline methods in taxonomy matching.Item Strategies for Securing Tenure: The Promise and Pitfalls of Formalization(Springer, 2022-07-15) Holland, Margaret; Diop, MoustaphaIn this chapter, we explore land formalization as a primary mechanism for strengthening land tenure security, initially through an exploration of post-colonial and post-independence large-scale land titling efforts in the Global South. We then explore some common assumptions tied to land formalization, its relationship with tenure security, and how it has reached a current position of prominence on global sustainability agendas. Finally, we discuss the newest generation of efforts to develop more geographically targeted approaches to land formalization, often focusing on the lands of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, to increase tenure security, improve livelihoods, and safeguard ecosystems. We see formalization as remaining an important component of the land tenure security toolbox, but the way it is approached and implemented requires constant reassessment and innovation.Item The Science of the Cluster Mission(Springer, 2015-01) Taylor, Matthew G. G. T.; Escoubet, C. Philippe; Laakso, Harri; Masson, Arnaud; Hapgood, Mike; Dimbylow, Trevor; Volpp, Jürgen; Sangiorgi, Silvia; Goldstein , MelvynIn 1966, in the concluding part of his inaugural lecture at Imperial College London, Jim Dungey discussed the future of magnetospheric physics, in particular indicating that progress in the field required “bunches” of satellites. Indeed, the previous year Dungey had submitted a proposal to the European Space Agency’s predecessor ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) proposing the launch of bunches of spacecraft into the magnetosphere. However it was not until 2000, following the successful 1982 proposal led by G. Haerendel, that the first four spacecraft mission, Cluster, was initiated. This paper provides a select few highlights of the Cluster mission related specifically to some objectives presented in the 1960s by Dungey. In addition, we will indicate future prospects for Cluster, in particular coordination of a number of multi-spacecraft missions—Cluster, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes and Swarm, approaching “bunches of bunches” of satellites.