Browsing by Type "journal articles pre-print"
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Item CAST: Context-Aware Security and Trust framework for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks using Policies(Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg) Li, Wenjia; Joshi, Anupam; Finin, TimDue to lack of pre-deployed infrastructure, nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are required to relay data packets for other nodes to enable multi-hop communication between nodes that are not in the radio range with each other. However, whether for selfish or malicious purposes, a node may refuse to cooperate during the network operations or even attempt to interrupt them, both of which have been recognized as misbehaviors. Significant research efforts have been made to address the problem of detecting misbehaviors. However, little research work has been done to distinguish truly malicious behaviors from the faulty behaviors. Both the malicious behaviors and the faulty behaviors are generally equally treated as misbehaviors without any further investigation by most of the traditional misbehavior detection mechanisms. In this paper, we propose and study a Context-Aware Security and Trust framework (CAST) for MANETs, in which various contextual information, such as communication channel status, battery status, and weather condition, are collected and then used to determine whether the misbehavior is likely a result of malicious activity or not. Simulation results illustrate that the CAST framework is able to accurately distinguish malicious nodes from faulty nodes with a limited overhead.Item Data Access as Regulation(SAGE journals, 2018-10-12) Sterett, SusanThis article considers calls for data transparency as research regulation and accountability. Rather than arguing for or against the value of sharing data, the article argues that understanding the call for data sharing requires questioning assumptions embedded in the debate about the context of scholarship and rethinking the purposes of data access. The article first argues that the spread of information available digitally means that researchers in the academy and outside it work with digital information, quite apart from mandates for data access. Second, replication as an accountability measure is often offered as one reason for making data available. However, scholars of replication have argued that replication has multiple components, many difficult to enact. Demands in universities for grant funding, impact by standard metrics, and newsworthy research encourage rapidly produced scholarship and research that makes big innovative claims. However, replication imposed sporadically cannot regularly counter these systematic incentives. If one purpose of data access is to regulate the research enterprise, scholarship on regulatory strategies and the difficulty of accomplishing goals via mandates illuminates the call for data access. Replication operates as a threat, one seen to generate incentives for good science, but is erratically enforced. Borrowing from the scholarship of audit and regulation, the article uses regulation, including audit, as accountability to argue that the sciences might need to address fundamental concerns about trust.Item Law's Presence, Law's Absence: Reporting Stories of Employment Discrimination in the Academy(The Women and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association, 2018-06-21) Sterett, SusanI wrote most of this article before October 2016. The news has brought to the fore points made in scholarship on sexual harassment, including that people do not complain, that sexual harassment is widespread and ordinary in some work settings, that legal settlement contributes to allowing problems to go unaddressed, and that sexual harassment is experienced well beyond the high-profile settings that made the news in the fall of 2016 or winter of 2017. Political science most recently finds itself in the professional press in contests over individual stories of sexual harassment as unwanted sexual attention and the use of professional power (Gluckman, 2018). The New York Times's 2017 reporting of sexual assault by Harvey Weinstein (Kantor and Twohey, 2017) sparked the spread of #MeToo, a term that an African-American woman had first deployed years earlier (Vagianos, 2017). The term relies on framing a wrong but often without the law. Before the fall of 2016 and the spread of #MeToo, law and decisions by administrators in higher education had generated reporting about the academy. Generated in part by law and decisions by administrators in higher education, sexual harassment reporting about the academy predated the fall of 2016. This article concerns that earlier reporting and the way that sexual harassment as unwanted sexual attention can crowd out other ways of seeing law in employment problems and other ways of interpreting employment problems without relying on law.Item Stroboscopically Robust Gates For Capacitively Coupled Singlet-Triplet Qubits(2018-10-09) Colmenar, R. K. L.; Kestner, J. P.Recent work on Ising-coupled double-quantum-dot spin qubits in GaAs with voltage-controlled exchange interaction has shown improved two-qubit gate fidelities from the application of oscillating exchange along with a strong magnetic field gradient between adjacent dots. By examining how noise propagates in the time-evolution operator of the system, we find an optimal set of parameters that provide passive stroboscopic circumvention of errors in two-qubit gates to first order. We predict over 99% two-qubit gate fidelities in the presence of quasistatic and 1/f noise, which is an order of magnitude improvement over the typical unoptimized implementation.