UMBC Faculty Collection

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Affirmative Action is a Successful Policy for Diversity in College Graduation
(Syracuse University, 2023-06-07) Lutz, Amy; Bennett, Pamela R.; Wang, Rebecca
I Hate the News Feb 4
(I Hate Politics Podcast, 2025-02-04) Dasgupta, Sunil
The weekly news analysis from I Hate Politics: As the Trump Administration moves to fulfill the new president’s campaign promises, fear and loathing spreads in the Washington DC region. State and local governments run business as usual as they wait. Internal consolidation may be the best preparation but housing shows how difficult it is to find consensus. Bills to stop rent collusion among landlords using digital platforms, prevent district court commissioners from issuing peace orders and warrants, and limit cell phone use in classrooms. 1920s music by the Benson Orchestra of Chicago, the Paul Whiteman band, Carl Fenton, and Jan Garber.
18-Hour Neighbhoods in the DC Area
(I Hate Politics Podcast, 2025-02-07) Dasgupta, Sunil; Schneider
Urban and transit planner, data analyst, app-maker, and recently former USDOT official David Schneider created the concept of an 18-hour neighborhood to measure the vibrancy of urban life using retail around transit stations. Sunil Dasgupta talks with Schneider about his methodology, how he applied it to the Washington DC region, and the implications of his research. At dmvtransittourism.com. Music by Washington art-pop rock band Catscan!
The CLASS Quasar Catalog: Coronal Line Activity in Type 1 SDSS Quasars
(2025-01-28) Doan, Sara; Satyapal, Shobita; Reefe, Michael; Sexton, Remington O.; Matzko, William; McKaig, Jeffrey D.; Secrest, Nathan J.; Cann, Jenna; Laor, Ari; Canalizo, Gabriela
We conduct the first systematic survey of a total of eleven optical coronal lines in the spectra of a large sample of low redshift (z < 0.8) Type 1 quasars observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that strong coronal line emission is rare in SDSS even in Type 1 quasars; only 885 out of 19,508 (4.5%) galaxies show at least one coronal line, with higher ionization potential lines (>100eV) being even rarer. The [Ne V] λ3426 line, which constitutes the majority of detections, is strongly correlated with the bolometric luminosity. These findings suggest that the optical coronal lines are significantly suppressed in the majority of local AGNs, possibly as a result of the presence of dust in the emitting regions. We find that the incidence of ionized outflows is significantly higher in coronal line emitters compared with non-coronal line emitters, possibly suggesting that dust destruction in outflows enhances coronal line emission in AGNs. Many coronal lines show line profiles that are broader than those of narrow lines, and are blue-shifted relative the lower ionization potential lines, suggesting outflows in the highly ionized gas. Given the limited number of detections, we do not find any statistically significant trends of detection statistics, or line ratios with black hole mass, Eddington ratio, or AGN bolometric luminosity. The catalog is publicly available and can provide a useful database of the coronal line properties of low redshift quasars that can be compared to the growing number of high-z AGNs discovered by JWST.
VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in response to an IceCube neutrino alert
(2025-02-06) Acharyya, Atreya; Adams, Colin B.; Bangale, Priyadarshini; Bartkoske, J. T.; Benbow, Wystan; Buckley, James H.; Chen, Yu; Christiansen, Jodi; Chromey, Alisha; Duerr, Anne; Errando, Manel; Godoy, Miguel E.; Falcone, Abe; Feng, Qi; Foote, Juniper; Fortson, Lucy; Furniss, Amy; Hanlon, William; Hanna, David; Hervet, Olivier; Hinrichs, Claire E.; Holder, Jamie; Humensky, Thomas B.; Jin, Weidong; Johnson, Madalyn N.; Kaaret, Philip; Kertzman, Mary P.; Kherlakian, Maria; Kieda, David; Kleiner, Tobias K.; Korzoun, Mx Nikolas; Krennrich, Frank; Kumar, Sajan; Lang, Mark J.; Lundy, Matthew; McGrath, Conor; Meyer, Eileen T.; Millard, Matthew J.; Millis, John; Mooney, Connor; Moriarty, Patrick; Mukherjee, Reshmi; Ning, Wenmeng; O'Brien, Stephan; Ong, Rene A.; Pohl, Martin; Pueschel, Elisa; Quinn, John; Rabinowitz, Pazit L.; Ragan, Ken; Reynolds, Paul; Ribeiro, Deivid; Roache, Emmet Thomas; Ryan, Jamie L.; Sadeh, Iftach; Sadun, Alberto; Saha, Lab; Santander, Marcos; Sembroski, Glenn H.; Shang, Ruo-Yu; Splettstoesser, Megan; Tak, Donggeun; Talluri, Anjana K.; Tucci, James V.; Valverde, Janeth; Williams, David A.; Wong, Sam L.; Woo, Jooyun; Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Agarwalla, S. K.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Alameddine, J. M.; Amin, N. M.; Andeen, K.; Argüelles, C.; Ashida, Y.; Athanasiadou, S.; Axani, S. N.; Babu, R.; Bai, X.; V, A. Balagopal; Baricevic, M.; Barwick, S. W.; Bash, S.; Basu, V.; Bay, R.; Beatty, J. J.; Tjus, J. Becker; Beise, J.; Bellenghi, C.; BenZvi, S.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Besson, D. Z.; Blaufuss, E.; Bloom, L.; Blot, S.; Bontempo, F.; Motzkin, J. Y. Book; Meneguolo, C. Boscolo; Böser, S.; Botner, O.; Böttcher, J.; Braun, J.; Brinson, B.; Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z.; Brostean-Kaiser, J.; Brusa, L.; Burley, R. T.; Butterfield, D.; Campana, M. A.; Caracas, I.; Carloni, K.; Carpio, J.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chau, N.; Chen, Z.; Chirkin, D.; Choi, S.; Clark, B. A.; Coleman, A.; Coleman, P.; Collin, G. H.; Connolly, A.; Conrad, J. M.; Corley, R.; Cowen, D. F.; Clercq, C. De; DeLaunay, J. J.; Delgado, D.; Deng, S.; Desai, A.; Desiati, P.; Vries, K. D. de; Wasseige, G. de; DeYoung, T.; Diaz, A.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dierichs, P.; Dittmer, M.; Domi, A.; Draper, L.; Dujmovic, H.; Durnford, D.; Dutta, K.; DuVernois, M. A.; Ehrhardt, T.; Eidenschink, L.; Eimer, A.; Eller, P.; Ellinger, E.; Mentawi, S. El; Elsässer, D.; Engel, R.; Erpenbeck, H.; Esmail, W.; Evans, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Fan, K. L.; Fang, K.; Farrag, K.; Fazely, A. R.; Fedynitch, A.; Feigl, N.; Fiedlschuster, S.; Finley, C.; Fischer, L.; Fox, D.; Franckowiak, A.; Fukami, S.; Fürst, P.; Gallagher, J.; Ganster, E.; Garcia, A.; Garcia, M.; Garg, G.; Genton, E.; Gerhardt, L.; Ghadimi, A.; Girard-Carillo, C.; Glaser, C.; Glüsenkamp, T.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Goswami, S.; Granados, A.; Grant, D.; Gray, S. J.; Griffin, S.; Griswold, S.; Groth, K. M.; Guevel, D.; Günther, C.; Gutjahr, P.; Ha, C.; Haack, C.; Hallgren, A.; Halve, L.; Halzen, F.; Hamacher, L.; Hamdaoui, H.; Minh, M. Ha; Handt, M.; Hanson, K.; Hardin, J.; Harnisch, A. A.; Hatch, P.; Haungs, A.; Häußler, J.; Helbing, K.; Hellrung, J.; Hermannsgabner, J.; Heuermann, L.; Heyer, N.; Hickford, S.; Hidvegi, A.; Hill, C.; Hill, G. C.; Hmaid, R.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hori, S.; Hoshina, K.; Hostert, M.; Hou, W.; Huber, T.; Hultqvist, K.; Hünnefeld, M.; Hussain, R.; Hymon, K.; Ishihara, A.; Iwakiri, W.; Jacquart, M.; Jain, S.; Janik, O.; Jansson, M.; Jeong, M.; Jin, M.; Jones, B. J. P.; Kamp, N.; Kang, D.; Kang, W.; Kang, X.; Kappes, A.; Kappesser, D.; Kardum, L.; Karg, T.; Karl, M.; Karle, A.; Katil, A.; Katz, U.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Khanal, M.; Zathul, A. Khatee; Kheirandish, A.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kochocki, A.; Koirala, R.; Kolanoski, H.; Kontrimas, T.; Köpke, L.; Kopper, C.; Koskinen, D. J.; Koundal, P.; Kowalski, M.; Kozynets, T.; Krieger, N.; Krishnamoorthi, J.; Krishnan, T.; Kruiswijk, K.; Krupczak, E.; Kumar, A.; Kun, E.; Kurahashi, N.; Lad, N.; Gualda, C. Lagunas; Lamoureux, M.; Larson, M. J.; Lauber, F.; Lazar, J. P.; DeHolton, K. Leonard; Leszczy?ska, A.; Liao, J.; Lincetto, M.; Liu, Y. T.; Liubarska, M.; Love, C.; Lu, L.; Lucarelli, F.; Luszczak, W.; Lyu, Y.; Madsen, J.; Magnus, E.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Makino, Y.; Manao, E.; Mancina, S.; Mand, A.; Sainte, W. Marie; Mari?, I. C.; Marka, S.; Marka, Z.; Marsee, M.; Martinez-Soler, I.; Maruyama, R.; Mayhew, F.; McNally, F.; Mead, J. V.; Meagher, K.; Mechbal, S.; Medina, A.; Meier, M.; Merckx, Y.; Merten, L.; Mitchell, J.; Montaruli, T.; Moore, R. W.; Morii, Y.; Morse, R.; Moulai, M.; Mukherjee, T.; Naab, R.; Nakos, M.; Naumann, U.; Necker, J.; Negi, A.; Neste, L.; Neumann, M.; Niederhausen, H.; Nisa, M. U.; Noda, K.; Noell, A.; Novikov, A.; Pollmann, A. Obertacke; O'Dell, V.; Olivas, A.; Orsoe, R.; Osborn, J.; O'Sullivan, E.; Palusova, V.; Pandya, H.; Park, N.; Parker, G. K.; Parrish, V.; Paudel, E. N.; Paul, L.; Heros, C. Pérez de los; Pernice, T.; Peterson, J.; Pizzuto, A.; Plum, M.; Pontén, A.; Popovych, Y.; Rodriguez, M. Prado; Pries, B.; Procter-Murphy, R.; Przybylski, G. T.; Pyras, L.; Raab, C.; Rack-Helleis, J.; Rad, N.; Ravn, M.; Rawlins, K.; Rechav, Z.; Rehman, A.; Resconi, E.; Reusch, S.; Rhode, W.; Riedel, B.; Rifaie, A.; Roberts, E. J.; Robertson, S.; Rodan, S.; Rongen, M.; Rosted, A.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Ruohan, L.; Safa, I.; Saffer, J.; Salazar-Gallegos, D.; Sampathkumar, P.; Sandrock, A.; Santander, M.; Sarkar, S.; Sarkar, S.; Savelberg, J.; Savina, P.; Schaile, P.; Schaufel, M.; Schieler, H.; Schindler, S.; Schlickmann, L.; Schlüter, B.; Schlüter, F.; Schmeisser, N.; Schmidt, T.; Schneider, J.; Schröder, F. G.; Schumacher, L.; Schwirn, S.; Sclafani, S.; Seckel, D.; Seen, L.; Seikh, M.; Seo, M.; Seunarine, S.; Myhr, P. A. Sevle; Shah, R.; Shefali, S.; Shimizu, N.; Silva, M.; Skrzypek, B.; Smithers, B.; Snihur, R.; Soedingrekso, J.; Søgaard, A.; Soldin, D.; Soldin, P.; Sommani, G.; Spannfellner, C.; Spiczak, G. M.; Spiering, C.; Stachurska, J.; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stürwald, T.; Stuttard, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Taboada, I.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Terliuk, A.; Thiesmeyer, M.; Thompson, W. G.; Thwaites, J.; Tilav, S.; Tollefson, K.; Tönnis, C.; Toscano, S.; Tosi, D.; Trettin, A.; Elorrieta, M. A. Unland; Upadhyay, A. K.; Upshaw, K.; Vaidyanathan, A.; Valtonen-Mattila, N.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Eijndhoven, N. van; Vannerom, D.; Santen, J. van; Vara, J.; Varsi, F.; Veitch-Michaelis, J.; Venugopal, M.; Vereecken, M.; Carrasco, S. Vergara; Verpoest, S.; Veske, D.; Vijai, A.; Walck, C.; Wang, A.; Weaver, C.; Weigel, P.; Weindl, A.; Weldert, J.; Wen, A. Y.; Wendt, C.; Werthebach, J.; Weyrauch, M.; Whitehorn, N.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Williams, D. R.; Witthaus, L.; Wolf, M.; Wrede, G.; Xu, X. W.; Yanez, J. P.; Yildizci, E.; Yoshida, S.; Young, R.; Yu, F.; Yu, S.; Yuan, T.; Zegarelli, A.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhelnin, P.; Zilberman, P.; Zimmerman, M.; Drake, Pablo; Spira-Savett, Elizabeth; Lusen, Piatra; Mori, Kaya
While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods used towards understanding this is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar B3 2247+381, taken in response to an IceCube multiplet alert for a cluster of muon neutrino events compatible with the source location between May 20, 2022 and November 10, 2022. B3 2247+381 was not detected with VERITAS during this time period. The source was found to be in a low-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet and gamma-ray bands for the time interval corresponding to the neutrino event, but was detected in the hard X-ray band with NuSTAR during this period. We find the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described using a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model. Moreover, assuming the neutrinos originate from hadronic processes within the jet, the neutrino flux would be accompanied by a photon flux from the cascade emission, and the integrated photon flux required in such a case would significantly exceed the total multiwavelength fluxes and the VERITAS upper limits presented here. The lack of flaring activity observed with VERITAS, combined with the low multiwavelength flux levels, and given the significance of the neutrino excess is at 3σ level (uncorrected for trials), makes B3 2247+381 an unlikely source of the IceCube multiplet. We conclude that the neutrino excess is likely a background fluctuation.
Bridging educational communities to creatively explore social justice topics through film and dance
(University of North Carolina, 2018) DeVita, James; Liao, Christine
This school-university partnership collaborative project was student-centered andfocused on supporting learning goals for three different groups of students through knowledgesharing and translating theory into practice. Students from three levels of education (high school, undergraduate, and graduate students) engaged in a multi-semester, integrated arts project that culminated in the performance of film and dance representations of social justice topics in education. The project engaged the community through the public performance and connected school, university and the community to advocate for social justice and the arts. We share the student learning outcomes from this project to demonstrate that the school-university partnership can provide valid pedagogical support for the collaborators. The mutual non-hierarchicalrelationship between the partners was the key to the success of the collaboration.
"Confidence to Continue": A Qualitative Investigation of College Students’ Experiences of Microaffirmations
(Florida State University, 2024-01-30) Demetriou, Cynthia; McNulty, Carol; Powell, Candice; DeVita, James
Colleges and universities are under increasing pressure to retain students and increase degree completion amid multiple social and economic threats to undergraduate stu-dent enrollment. A sense of belonging, motivation, and confidence are foundational to student success and essential components of strategic approaches to enrollment challenges. Microaffirmations, brief acts communicating care, listening, and support, can be a powerful tool within these efforts for promoting belonging. This study exam-ined how 350 undergraduate students experienced microaffirmations and the meaning of the microaffirmations to their educational lives. Findings indicate that students identify multiple forms of microaffirmations and that these promote positive benefits, including perceived improvement in academic performance, persistence to remain in college, and assistance in navigating challenges. In short, microaffirmations provide students with the confidence to continue by influencing their perspectives on self- efficacy and support
Arts-Based Research in Precarious Pedagogy-Making Experiences
(LEARNing Landscapes, 2022-06-23) Liao, Christine; DeVita, James
Framing through the concept of precarity, we share our arts-based research on the experiences of creating a collaborative performance-making project focused on connecting students from different education levels, to create a film-dance integrated performance to advocate for social justice issues in education. We, as instructors and researchers, embarked on an arts-based research journey creating sketches, poems, videos, and a dance performance to analyze and represent our research findings. Our performance from the performative inquiry shows our understanding of the collaboration project through the same art form we required our students to utilize: film and dance-integrated arts performance.
Preventing and Protecting Against Internet Research Fraud in Anonymous Web-Based Research: Protocol for the Development and Implementation of an Anonymous Web-Based Data Integrity Plan
(JMIR, 2022-09-12) Hohn, Kris L.; Braswell, April A.; DeVita, James
Background: Data integrity is a priority in any internet research study; it should be maintained to protect the safety and privacy of human participants and to maintain the validity and reliability of research findings. However, one noteworthy risk of web-based research is fraudulent respondent activity. When investigators must utilize anonymous web-based recruitment techniques to reach hidden and expanded populations, steps should be taken to safeguard the integrity of data collected.Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a novel protocol in the form of an anonymous web-based research data integrity plan (DIP) protocol that outlines steps for securing data integrity while conducting anonymous web-based data collection.Methods: In this paper, we discuss a protocol regarding the development and implementation of a specific DIP in response to fraudulent activity in an original large-scale mixed methods study launched in April 2021. Four primary steps, each with a set of affiliated procedures, are presented: (1) defining the risks, (2) planning research protocols, (3) securing data collection and recruitment, and (4) determining enrollment.Results: Following the relaunch of a large-scale original study and implementation of the DIP protocol, preliminary analyses demonstrated no fraudulent activity. A pre-post analysis is underway to evaluate the effectiveness of the DIP strategies from February 2022 through May 2023.Conclusions: Implementing the DIP protocol could save valuable research time, provides a process to examine data critically, and enables the contribution of rigorous findings to various health fields.
Freestream turbulence effects on low Reynolds number NACA 0012 airfoil laminar separation bubble and lift generation
(2024-06-01) Yu, Meilin ; Hrynuk, John T.; Booth, David T.; Poudel, Naresh
Laminar separation bubbles (LSB's) over the suction surface of a wing at low Reynolds number (O(10⁴) - O(10⁶) based on the airfoil chord length) can significantly affect the aerodynamic performance of the wing, and pose a unique challenge for the predictive capabilities of simulation tools due to their high sensitivity to flow environments and wing surface conditions. In this work a series of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) low-order, and high-order accurate unstructured-grid-based numerical methods with varying model fidelity levels were used to study LSB physics over a NACA 0012 airfoil both in a clean freestream and in a turbulent freestream at a chord-based Reynolds number of 12,000. Lift production and time-averaged flow fields were compared with available experimental results. A major discovery is that in clean freestream flow a 3D high-order numerical scheme is necessary to capture LSB physics. This is due to the sensitivity of LSB-induced laminar-turbulent transition to flow conditions and boundary geometry at low Reynolds number. In freestream flows with moderate background turbulence (~5%), 2D simulations failed to capture subtle 3D flow physics due to their intrinsic limitation, but can reasonably predict time-averaged airfoil performance. Similarity and distinction between freestream vortex-LSB interaction in 2D and eddy-LSB interaction in 3D were explained. The role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and Klebanoff modes in the transition of 3D airfoils were shown to be critical for understanding laminar-turbulent transition and LSB formation on airfoils in clean and turbulent freestreams.
Collages of Arts-Based Collaborative Performances on Social Justice
(The Pennsylvania State University, 2022-12-31) DeVita, James; Liao, Christine
This visual narrative focuses on the arts-based learning aspect of a multi-year and multi-level collaborative film and dance performance project. We use collage as an arts-based method to represent the complex process of engaging students across multi-levels of education (graduate, undergraduate, high school, middle school) in a collaborative learning project. The collages included images captured during class activities and the final performances and demonstrate multiple outcomes of the project associated with arts-based learning, embodied learning, and crystallization of learning. The accompanying narrative provides context about the project including details about the collaborative process, course activities, and development of the final film and dance integrated performance.
Inference about a Common Mean Vector from Several Independent Multinormal Populations with Unequal and Unknown Dispersion Matrices
(MDPI, 2024-08-31) Kifle, Yehenew Getachew; Moluh, Alain M.; Sinha, Bimal K.
This paper addresses the problem of making inferences about a common mean vector from several independent multivariate normal populations with unknown and unequal dispersion matrices. We propose an unbiased estimator of the common mean vector, along with its asymptotic estimated variance, which can be used to test hypotheses and construct confidence ellipsoids, both of which are valid for large samples. Additionally, we discuss an approximate method based on generalized p-values. The paper also presents exact test procedures and methods for constructing exact confidence sets for the common mean vector, with a comparison of the local power of these exact tests. The performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated through a simulation study and an application to data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement 2021 conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Determination of the residual efficacy of broflanilide (VECTRON™ T500) insecticide for indoor residual spraying in a semi-field setting in Ethiopia
(BMC, 2025-02-13) Simma, Eba Alemayehu; Zegeye, Habtamu; Akessa, Geremew Muleta; Kifle, Yehenew Getachew; Zemene, Endalew; Degefa, Teshome; Yewhalaw, Delenasaw
The rotational use of insecticides with diverse modes of action in indoor residual spraying (IRS) is pivotal for enhancing malaria vector control and addressing insecticide resistance. A key factor in national malaria vector control/elimination programmes is the rate at which these insecticides decay. VECTRON™ T500, with broflanilide as its active ingredient, is a recently developed candidate insecticide formulation which has shown promising results in certain phase II experimental hut trials. However, its residual efficacy across different settings has not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated the efficacy of VECTRON™ T500 on various wall surfaces (mud, dung, paint, and cement) and assessed its decay rates over time in Ethiopia.
Abundant ammonia and nitrogen-rich soluble organic matter in samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu
(Springer Nature, 2025-01-29) Glavin, Daniel P.; Dworkin, Jason P.; Alexander, Conel M. O’D; Aponte, José C.; Baczynski, Allison A.; Barnes, Jessica J.; Bechtel, Hans A.; Berger, Eve L.; Burton, Aaron S.; Caselli, Paola; Chung, Angela H.; Clemett, Simon J.; Cody, George D.; Dominguez, Gerardo; Elsila, Jamie E.; Farnsworth, Kendra; Foustoukos, Dionysis I.; Freeman, Katherine H.; Furukawa, Yoshihiro; Gainsforth, Zack; Graham, Heather V.; Grassi, Tommaso; Giuliano, Barbara Michela; Hamilton, Victoria E.; Haenecour, Pierre; Heck, Philipp R.; Hofmann, Amy E.; House, Christopher H.; Huang, Yongsong; Kaplan, Hannah H.; Keller, Lindsay P.; Kim, Bumsoo; Koga, Toshiki; Liss, Michael; McLain, Hannah L.; Marcus, Matthew A.; Matney, Mila; McCoy, Timothy J.; McIntosh, Ophélie M.; Mojarro, Angel; Naraoka, Hiroshi; Nguyen, Ann N.; Nuevo, Michel; Nuth, Joseph A.; Oba, Yasuhiro; Parker, Eric T.; Peretyazhko, Tanya S.; Sandford, Scott A.; Santos, Ewerton; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe; Seguin, Frederic; Simkus, Danielle N.; Shahid, Anique; Takano, Yoshinori; Thomas-Keprta, Kathie L.; Tripathi, Havishk; Weiss, Gabriella; Zheng, Yuke; Lunning, Nicole G.; Righter, Kevin; Connolly, Harold C.; Lauretta, Dante S.
Organic matter in meteorites reveals clues about early Solar System chemistry and the origin of molecules important to life, but terrestrial exposure complicates interpretation. Samples returned from the B-type asteroid Bennu by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer mission enabled us to study pristine carbonaceous astromaterial without uncontrolled exposure to Earth’s biosphere. Here we show that Bennu samples are volatile rich, with more carbon, nitrogen and ammonia than samples from asteroid Ryugu and most meteorites. Nitrogen-15 isotopic enrichments indicate that ammonia and other N-containing soluble molecules formed in a cold molecular cloud or the outer protoplanetary disk. We detected amino acids (including 14 of the 20 used in terrestrial biology), amines, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-heterocycles (including all five nucleobases found in DNA and RNA), along with ~10,000 N-bearing chemical species. All chiral non-protein amino acids were racemic or nearly so, implying that terrestrial life’s left-handed chirality may not be due to bias in prebiotic molecules delivered by impacts. The relative abundances of amino acids and other soluble organics suggest formation and alteration by low-temperature reactions, possibly in NH3-rich fluids. Bennu’s parent asteroid developed in or accreted ices from a reservoir in the outer Solar System where ammonia ice was stable.
COSP-RTTOV-1.0: Flexible radiation diagnostics to enable new science applications in model evaluation, climate change detection, and satellite mission design
(45692) Shaw, Jonah K.; Swales, Dustin J.; Desouza-Machado, Sergio; Turner, David D.; Kay, Jennifer E.; Schneider, David P.
Infrared spectral radiation fields observed by satellites make up an information-rich, multi-decade record with continuous coverage of the entire planet. As direct observations, spectral radiation fields are also largely free from uncertainties that accumulate during geophysical retrieval and data assimilation processes. Comparing these direct observations with earth system models (ESMs), however, is hindered by definitional differences between the radiation fields satellites observe and those generated by models. Here, we present a flexible, computationally efficient tool called COSP-RTTOV for simulating satellitelike radiation fields within ESMs. Outputs from COSP-RTTOV are consistent with instrument spectral response functions and orbit sampling, as well as the physics of the host model. After validating COSP-RTTOV's performance, we demonstrate new constraints on model performance enabled by COSP-RTTOV. We show additional applications in climate change detection using the NASA AIRS instrument, and observing system simulation experiments using the NASA PREFIRE mission. In summary, COSP-RTTOV is a convenient tool for directly comparing satellite radiation observations with ESMs. It enables a wide range of scientific applications, especially when users desire to avoid the assumptions and uncertainties inherent in satellite-based retrievals of geophysical variables or in atmospheric reanalysis.
Attack Detection and Optimal Deployment for Underwater Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks via Hybrid Trust Evidence
(IEEE, 2025) Jiang, Bin; Zhou, Ronghao; Luo, Fei; Cui, Xuerong; Wang, Huihui Helen; Song, Houbing
Underwater wireless sensor networks have been widely used in the acquisition and processing of oceanic information. The marine environment is complex and changeable, and the existence of obstacles is the main manifestation of the complex underwater environment, which affect the communication between underwater nodes. In addition, wireless sensor networks with obstacles are often more vulnerable to various attacks, making it more fragile. In order to address the aforementioned issues, we firstly propose a underwater wireless sensor deployment strategy with obstacle avoidance as the target (GEHO). After that, we use Tabtransformer algorithm to build trust model and detect attacks according to trust data set, which can enhance the robustness of the entire wireless sensor network. In the final stage, we collect the patterns of malicious attacks on nodes according to the detection results, which is convenient for us to make timely responses and reduce the losses of underwater acoustic sensor networks due to malicious attacks. The simulation results show that the trust model can effectively detect malicious nodes and attack types in the network, and has higher detection accuracy than the existing trust model.
Qualitative Research Methods in Software Engineering: Past, Present, and Future
(IEEE, 2025) Seaman, Carolyn; Hoda, Rashina; Feldt, Robert
The paper entitled “Qualitative Methods in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering” by Carolyn Seaman was published in TSE in 1999. It has been chosen as one of the most influential papers from the third decade of TSE’s 50 years history. In this retrospective, the authors discuss the evolution of the use of qualitative methods in software engineering research, the impact it’s had on research and practice, and reflections on what is coming and deserves attention.
Las milicias locales y la bandolerización de la guerra de independencia en el Perú (1820-1822)
(Universidad de La Rioja, 2020) Huerta, Silvia Escanilla
En septiembre de 1820 las tropas del ejército libertador desembarcaron en Pisco dando inicio a la ultima fase de la guerra que decidiría la independencia del Perú. Tanto los lideres del ejercito libertador como el virrey Pezuela y sus generales tenían expectativas diferentes sobre como reaccionaría la población de la costa ante la presencia de un ejército extranjero. Lo que nadie esperaba era que los pueblos organizaran milicias en coordinación con los ejércitos regulares, pero también en forma independiente de ellos. En este artículo se exploran tanto estas expectativas como las originales formas de hacer la guerra que eligieron los pueblos y que redefinieron la guerra en este periodo.
Looking at infrared background radiation anisotropies with Spitzer: large scale anisotropies and their implications
(AAS, 2025-02-06) Kashlinsky, A.; Arendt, Richard; Ashby, M. L. N.; Kruk, J.; Odegard, N.
We use Spitzer/IRAC deep exposure data covering two significantly larger than before sky areas to construct maps suitable for evaluating source-subtracted fluctuations in the cosmic infrared background (CIB). The maps are constructed using the self-calibration methodology eliminating artifacts to sufficient accuracy and subset maps are selected in each area containing approximately uniform exposures. These maps are clipped and removed of known sources and then Fourier transformed to probe the CIB anisotropies to new larger scales. The power spectrum of the resultant CIB anisotropies is measured from the data to >1 degree revealing the component well above that from remaining known galaxies on scales >1 arcmin. The fluctuations are demonstrated to be free of Galactic and Solar System foreground contributions out to the largest scales measured. We discuss the proposed theories for the origin of the excess CIB anisotropies in light of the new data. Out of these, the model where the CIB fluctuation excess originates from the granulation power due to LIGO-observed primordial black holes as dark matter appears most successful in accounting for all observations related to the measured CIB power amplitude and spatial structure, including the measured coherence between the CIB and unresolved cosmic X-ray background (CXB). Finally we point out the use of the data to probe the CIB-CXB cross-power to new scales and higher accuracy. We also discuss the synergy of these data with future CIB programs at shorter near-IR wavelengths with deep wide surveys and sub-arcsecond angular resolution as provided by Euclid and Roman space missions.
Cartas para la historia: El epistolario de los Carrillo de Albornoz y Bravo de Lagunas, condes de Montemar, en el ocaso del imperio español en América, 1761-1799
(Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, 2020) Sotomayor, Antonio; Huerta, Silvia Escanilla

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