Self‐healing biomaterials: The next generation is nano
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2020-05-02
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Citation of Original Publication
Sydney D. Menikheim and Erin B. Lavik, Self‐healing biomaterials: The next generation is nano, WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology(2020), https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1641
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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Sydney D. Menikheim and Erin B. Lavik, Self-healing biomaterials: The next generation is nano, WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology(2020), https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1641, which has been published in final form at uri:https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1641. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Access to this item will begin on 5/2/22
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Sydney D. Menikheim and Erin B. Lavik, Self-healing biomaterials: The next generation is nano, WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology(2020), https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1641, which has been published in final form at uri:https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1641. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Access to this item will begin on 5/2/22
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Abstract
The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality estimates that there are over 1 million total hip and total knee replacements each year in the U.S. alone. Twenty five percent of those implants will experience aseptic loosening, and bone cement failure is an important part of this. Bone cements are based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) systems that are strong but brittle polymers. PMMA‐based materials are also essential to modern dental fillings, and likewise, the failure rates are high with lifetimes of 3–10 years. These brittle polymers are an obvious target for self‐healing systems which could reduce revision surgeries and visits to dentist. Self‐healing polymers have been described in the literature since 1996 and examples from Roman times are known, but their application in medicine has been challenging. This review looks at the development of self‐healing biomaterials for these applications and the challenges that lie between development and the clinic. Many of the most promising formulations involve introducing nanoscale components which offer substantial potential benefits over their microscale counterparts especially in composite systems. There is substantial promise for translation, but issues with toxicity, robustness, and reproducibility of these materials in the complex environment of the body must be addressed.