Primary and Secondary Health Impacts of COVID-19 among Minority Individuals in New York State
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Date
2021-01-14
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Citation of Original Publication
Clay, Lauren A., and Stephanie Rogus. 2021. "Primary and Secondary Health Impacts of COVID-19 among Minority Individuals in New York State" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020683
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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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Abstract
In addition to the direct health impacts of COVID-19, the pandemic disrupted economic,
educational, healthcare, and social systems in the US. This cross-sectional study examined the
primary and secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among low-income and minority groups
in New York State using the social determinants of health framework. New Yorkers were recruited
to complete a web-based survey through Qualtrics. The survey took place in May and June 2020
and asked respondents about COVID-19 health impacts, risk factors, and concerns. Chi-square
analysis examined the health effects experienced by race and ethnicity, and significant results were
analyzed in a series of logistic regression models. Results showed disparities in the primary and
secondary impacts of COVID-19. The majority of differences were reported between Hispanic and
white respondents. The largest differences, in terms of magnitude, were reported between other or
multiracial respondents and white respondents. Given the disproportionate burden of COVID-19
on minority populations, improved policies and programs to address impacts on lower-paying
essential jobs and service positions could reduce exposure risks and improve safety for minority
populations. Future research can identify the long-term health consequences of the pandemic on the
social determinants of health among populations most at risk