Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5)
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Date
2016-05-01
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Citation of Original Publication
Li, Feng, Yury V. Vikhliaev, Paul A. Newman, Steven Pawson, Judith Perlwitz, Darryn W. Waugh, and Anne R. Douglass. "Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5)", Journal of Climate 29, 9 (2016): 3199-3218, accessed Jan 11, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0572.1
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This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
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Abstract
Stratospheric ozone depletion plays a major role in driving climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. To
date, many climate models prescribe the stratospheric ozone layer’s evolution using monthly and zonally
averaged ozone fields. However, the prescribed ozone underestimates Antarctic ozone depletion and lacks
zonal asymmetries. This study investigates the impact of using interactive stratospheric chemistry instead of
prescribed ozone on climate change simulations of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. Two sets of 1960–2010
ensemble transient simulations are conducted with the coupled ocean version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5: one with interactive stratospheric chemistry and the other with prescribed
ozone derived from the same interactive simulations. The model’s climatology is evaluated using observations
and reanalysis. Comparison of the 1979–2010 climate trends between these two simulations reveals that interactive chemistry has important effects on climate change not only in the Antarctic stratosphere, troposphere, and surface, but also in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice. Interactive chemistry causes
stronger Antarctic lower stratosphere cooling and circumpolar westerly acceleration during November–
January. It enhances stratosphere–troposphere coupling and leads to significantly larger tropospheric and
surface westerly changes. The significantly stronger surface wind stress trends cause larger increases of the
Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation, leading to year-round stronger ocean warming near the
surface and enhanced Antarctic sea ice decrease.