GRB 180418A: A possibly-short GRB with a wide-angle outflow in a faint host galaxy

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dc.contributor.authorEscorial, Alicia Rouco
dc.contributor.authorFong, Wen-fai
dc.contributor.authorVeres, Peter
dc.contributor.authorLaskar, Tanmoy
dc.contributor.authorLien, Amy
dc.contributor.authorPaterson, Kerry
dc.contributor.authorLally, Maura
dc.contributor.authorBlanchard, Peter K.
dc.contributor.authorNugent, Anya E.
dc.contributor.authorTanvir, Nial R.
dc.contributor.authorCornish, Dylaan
dc.contributor.authorBerger, Edo
dc.contributor.authorBurns, Eric
dc.contributor.authorCenko, Brad
dc.contributor.authorCobb, Bethany E.
dc.contributor.authorCucchiara, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorGoldstein, Adam
dc.contributor.authorMargutti, Raffaella
dc.contributor.authorMetzger, Brian
dc.contributor.authorMilne, Peter
dc.contributor.authorLevan, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorNicholl, Matt
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Nathan
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-20T22:14:04Z
dc.date.available2021-01-20T22:14:04Z
dc.date.issued2020-12-17
dc.description.abstractWe present X-ray and multi-band optical observations of the afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 180418A, discovered by Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM. We present a reanalysis of the GBM and BAT data deriving durations of the prompt emission of T_90~2.56s and ~1.90s, respectively. Modeling the Fermi/GBM catalog of 1405 bursts (2008-2014) in the Hardness-T_90 plane, we obtain a probability of ~60% that GRB 180418A is a short-hard burst. From a combination of Swift/XRT and Chandra observations, the X-ray afterglow is detected to ~38.5 days after the burst, and exhibits a single power-law decline with F_X proportional to t^-0.98. Late-time Gemini observations reveal a faint r ~24.95 mag host galaxy at an angular offset of ~0.16''. At the likely redshift range of z ~1-1.5, we find that the X-ray afterglow luminosity of GRB 180418A is intermediate between short and long GRBs at all epochs during which there is contemporaneous data, and that GRB 180418A lies closer to the E_({\gamma},peak)-E_({\gamma},iso) correlation for short GRBs. Modeling the multi-wavelength afterglow with the standard synchrotron model, we derive the burst explosion properties and find a jet opening angle of {\theta}_j =>9-14 degrees. If GRB 180418A is a short GRB that originated from a neutron star merger, it has one of the brightest and longest-lived afterglows along with an extremely faint host galaxy. If instead the event is a long GRB that originated from a massive star collapse, it has among the lowest luminosity afterglows, and lies in a peculiar space in terms of the Hardness-T_90 and E_({\gamma},peak)-E_({\gamma},iso) planes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors acknowledge Phil Evans for the useful advice to obtain the full set of X-ray GRB afterglow light curves from the UK Swift Science Data Centre. The authors thank Daniel Perley for his valuable contribution to proposals. The Fong Group at Northwestern acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1814782 and AST-1909358. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number G08- 19025X issued by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. P.V. acknowledges support from NASA grants 80NSSC19K0595 and NNM11AA01A. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. Based on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory (Program IDs GS-2018A-Q-127, GN-2018A-Q-121, GN-2018B-Q-117), a program of NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci´on y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog´ıa e Innovaci´on (Argentina), Minist´erio da Ciˆencia, Tecnologia, Inova¸c˜oes e Comunica¸c˜oes (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This work was enabled by observations made from the Gemini North telescope, located within the Maunakea Science Reserve and adjacent to the summit of Maunakea. We are grateful for the privilege of observing the Universe from a place that is unique in both its astronomical quality and its cultural significance. Observations reported in this paper were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution (Programs 2018C-UAO-G4, UAO-G213-20A, UAO-G4, UAO-G7, UAO-G212-20A, 2018b-UAO-G15). MMT Observatory access was supported by Northwestern University and the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA). Observations obtained by the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT; program: U/18A/UA01) was supported by NASA and operated under an agreement among the University of Hawaii, the University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center; operations are enabled through the cooperation of the East Asian Observatory. We thank the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit (CASU) for processing the WFCAM data and the WFCAM Science Archive (WSA) for making the data available.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abee85en_US
dc.format.extent26 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifier.citationA. Rouco Escorial et al. GRB 180418A: A Possibly Short Gamma-Ray Burst with a Wide-angle Outflow in a Faint Host Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 912, no. 95 (2021). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abee85en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/20575
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abee85
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherIOP Publishing
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleGRB 180418A: A possibly-short GRB with a wide-angle outflow in a faint host galaxyen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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