Current Perspectives On Covid-19 Complications In 2025: Focus On The Oral Cavity And Systemic Effects.

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https://www.worldwidejournals.com/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA/article/current-perspectives-on-covid-19-complications-in-2025-focus-on-the-oral-cavity-and-systemic-effects/MzIyMTU=/?is=1&b1=0&k=1

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https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra
 http://hdl.handle.net/11603/39248

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UMBC Student Collection
UMBC Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health Department

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https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3450-9116

Date

2025-06

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journal articles
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Citation of Original Publication

Budumuru, Anil, Saketha Vallabhaneni, Arif Mohiddin and Suman Kalyan Patra “Current Perspectives On Covid-19 Complications In 2025: Focus On The Oral Cavity And Systemic Effects.,” Global Journal for Research Analysis XIV, no. VI. (June 2025): 103 - 104. https://www.worldwidejournals.com/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA/article/current-perspectives-on-covid-19-complications-in-2025-focus-on-the-oral-cavity-and-systemic-effects/MzIyMTU=/?is=1&b1=0&k=1

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Attribution 4.0 International

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, exhibits significant oral and systemic complications mediated by viral binding to ACE2 receptors densely expressed in oral mucosa (50× higher than lungs). Recent evidence confirms oral manifestations in 20–45% of cases, including dysgeusia (38–47%), xerostomia (17.8–46.3%), and mucosal ulcers (20.5%), often serving as early disease indicators. Pathogenic mechanisms involve direct viral cytopathy in salivary glands, cytokine storm-induced microthrombosis, and autoimmune cross-reactivity, with viral RNA persisting in oral tissues for ≤60 days. Systemically, Long COVID (10–35% of patients) manifests with fatigue (58%), neurological sequelae ("brain fog" RR 2.68), cardiovascular injury (myocarditis: 2.3% in athletes), and new-onset autoimmune disorders (e.g., GuillainBarré syndrome).