X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200
| dc.contributor.author | Ehlert , Steven R. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Liodakis , Ioannis | |
| dc.contributor.author | Middei , Riccardo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Marscher, Alan P. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Negro, Michela | |
| dc.contributor.author | et al | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-14T21:02:38Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-12-14T21:02:38Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-12-06 | |
| dc.description | Authors: Steven R. Ehlert , Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Alan P. Marscher , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Iván Agudo , Pouya M. Kouch, Elina Lindfors , Kari Nilsson , Ioannis Myserlis, Mark Gurwell , Ramprasad Rao , Francisco José Aceituno , Giacomo Bonnoli, Víctor Casanova , Beatriz Agís-González , Juan Escudero , César Husillos , Jorge Otero Santos , Alfredo Sota , Emmanouil Angelakis , Alexander Kraus , Garrett K. Keating , Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti , Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner , Ronaldo Bellazzini , Stefano Bianchi , Stephen D. Bongiorno , Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez , Niccoló Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio , Simone Castellano , Elisabetta Cavazzuti , Chien-Ting Chen , Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa , Alessandra De Rosa , Ettore Del Monte , Laura Di Gesu , Niccoló Di Lalla , Alessandro Di Marco , Immacolata Donnarumma , Victor Doroshenko , Michal Dovčiak , Teruaki Enoto , Yuri Evangelista , Sergio Fabiani , Riccardo Ferrazzoli , Javier A. Garcia , Shuichi Gunji , Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl , Wataru Iwakiri , Svetlana G. Jorstad, Philip Kaaret , Vladimir Karas , Fabian Kislat , Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak , Henric Krawczynski , Fabio La Monaca , Luca Latronico , Simone Maldera , Alberto Manfreda , Frédéric Marin , Andrea Marinucci , Herman L. Marshall , Francesco Massaro, Giorgio Matt , Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno , Fabio Muleri , Michela Negro, C.-Y. Ng , Stephen L. O’Dell , Nicola Omodei , Chiara Oppedisano , Alessandro Papitto , George G. Pavlov , Abel L. Peirson , Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins , Pierre-Olivier Petrucci , Maura Pilia , Andrea Possenti , Juri Poutanen , Simonetta Puccetti , Brian D. Ramsey , John Rankin , Ajay Ratheesh , Oliver J. Roberts , Roger W. Romani , Carmelo Sgró , Patrick Slane , Paolo Soffitta , Gloria Spandre , Douglas A. Swartz , Toru Tamagawa , Roberto Taverna , Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant , Nicholas E. Thomas , Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois , Sergey S. Tsygankov , Roberto Turolla, Jacco Vink , Martin C. Weisskopf , Kinwah Wu , Fei Xie, and Silvia Zane | |
| dc.description.abstract | We present polarization measurements in the 2–8 keV band from blazar 1ES 0229+200, the first extreme high synchrotron peaked source to be observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Combining two exposures separated by about two weeks, we find the degree of polarization to be Πₓ = 17.9% ± 2.8% at an electric-vector position angle ψₓ = 25°.0 ± 4°.6 using a spectro-polarimetric fit from joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations. There is no evidence for the polarization degree or angle varying significantly with energy or time on both short timescales (hours) or longer timescales (days). The contemporaneous polarization degree at optical wavelengths was >7× lower, making 1ES 0229+200 the most strongly chromatic blazar yet observed. This high X-ray polarization compared to the optical provides further support that X-ray emission in high-peaked blazars originates in shock-accelerated, energy-stratified electron populations, but is in tension with many recent modeling efforts attempting to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 0229+200, which attribute the extremely high energy synchrotron and Compton peaks to Fermi acceleration in the vicinity of strongly turbulent magnetic fields. | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint US and Italian mission. The US contribution is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and led and managed by its Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), with industry partner Ball Aerospace (contract NNM15AA18C). The Italian contribution is supported by the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; ASI) through contract ASI-OHBI-2017-12-I.0, agreements ASI-INAF-2017- 12-H0 and ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0, and its Space Science Data Center (SSDC), and by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. This research used data products provided by the IXPE Team (MSFC, SSDC, INAF, and INFN) and distributed with additional software tools by the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The IAA-CSIC coauthors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/ 501100011033) through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award for the Instituto de Astrofíisica de AndalucíaCSIC (CEX2021-001131-S), and through grants PID2019- 107847RB-C44 and PID2022-139117NB-C44. The POLAMI observations were carried out at the IRAM 30 m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). The Submillimetre Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. Maunakea, the location of the SMA, is a culturally important site for the indigenous Hawaiian people; we are privileged to study the cosmos from its summit. Some of the data reported here are based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration with the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku, and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland, and Norway, the University of Iceland, and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. E.L. was supported by Academy of Finland projects 317636 and 320045. The data presented here were obtained [in part] with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOT. Part of the French contributions is supported by the Scientific Research National Center (CNRS) and the French spatial agency (CNES). The research at Boston University was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant AST-2108622, NASA Fermi Guest Investigator grants 80NSSC21K1917 and 80NSSC22K1571, and NASA Swift Guest Investigator grant 80NSSC22K0537. Some of the data are based on observations collected at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada, owned and operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC). Further data are based on observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía (CAHA), operated jointly by Junta de Andalucía and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAA-CSIC). This work was supported by NSF grant AST2109127. We acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift data archive. Based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributionsdirectly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. Partly based on observations with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg. Observations with the 100 m radio telescope at Effelsberg have received funding from the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101004719 (ORP). I.L. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. | |
| dc.description.uri | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4 | |
| dc.format.extent | 11 pages | |
| dc.genre | journal articles | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Ehlert, Steven R., Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Alan P. Marscher, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Iván Agudo, Pouya M. Kouch, et al. “X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200.” The Astrophysical Journal 959, no. 1 (December 2023): 61. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11603/31101 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | |
| dc.publisher | AAS | |
| dc.relation.isAvailableAt | The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Faculty Collection | |
| dc.rights | This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law. | |
| dc.rights | Public Domain | en |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ | |
| dc.title | X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200 | |
| dc.type | Text | |
| dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-5622 |