Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

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dc.contributor.authorKlionsky, Daniel J.
dc.contributor.authorAbdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal
dc.contributor.authorAbdelfatah, Sara
dc.contributor.authorAbdellatif, Mahmoud
dc.contributor.authorMarten, Mark
dc.contributor.authoret al
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-20T17:00:50Z
dc.date.available2022-09-20T17:00:50Z
dc.date.issued2021-02-08
dc.descriptionFor a full list of authors, see the work.en_US
dc.description.abstractIn 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919]. Due to space and other limitations, it is not possible to include all other sources of financial support.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280en_US
dc.format.extent403 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2d6kq-yctj
dc.identifier.citationKlionsky, Daniel J. et al. "Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1." Autophagy, 17, no. 1 (8 Feb 2021):1-382. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/25739
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering Department
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleGuidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)en_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1863-8956en_US

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