Sequestering the 5′-cap for viral RNA packaging
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Ding, P., & Summers, M. F. (2022). Sequestering the 5′-cap for viral RNA packaging. BioEssays, 00, e2200104. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202200104
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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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Abstract
Manyvirusesevolvedmechanismsforcappingthe5′-endsoftheirplus-strandRNAsasameansofhijackingtheeukaryoticmessengerRNA(mRNA)splicing/translationmachinery. Although capping is critical for replication, the RNAs of these viruseshave other essential functions including their requirement to be packaged aseither genomes or pre-genomes into progeny viruses. Recent studies indicate thathumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype-1(HIV-1)RNAsaresegregatedbetweensplic-ing/translation and packaging functions by a mechanism that involves structuralsequestration of the 5′-cap. Here, we examined studies reported for other virusesand retrotransposons that require both selective packaging of their RNAs and 5′-RNA capping for host-mediated translation. Our findings suggest that viruses andretrotransposons have evolved multiple mechanisms to control 5′-cap accessibility,consistentwiththehypothesisthatremovalorsequestrationofthe5′capenablespackageableRNAstoavoidcapturebythecellularRNAprocessingandtranslationmachinery.