Polarization-entangled states: the next generation
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Kwiat, Paul, Harald Weinfurter, Anton Zeilinger, A. V. Sergienko, and Y. H. Shih. “Polarization-Entangled States: The next Generation.” Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (1995), Paper QMB3, Optica Publishing Group, May 22, 1995, QMB3. https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?uri=QELS-1995-QMB3.
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Abstract
We have discovered theoretically and confirmed experimentally that a vast improvement over the traditional (type-I) downconversion sources (in which both correlated photons have the same polarization) is possible by using type-II downconversion (in which the correlated photons are orthogonally polarized).¹ In previous systems it was necessary to use a number of very carefully aligned extra optical elements, beam splitters, mirrors, etc., to obtain and measure the quantum-mechanical entangled states required for many fundamental experiments.²,³