Nitrogen Oxides and Ozones from B-747 Measurements (NOXAR) during POLINAT 2 and SONEX: Overview and Case-Studies on Continental and Marine Convection

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dc.contributor.authorJeker, Dominique
dc.contributor.authorPfister, Lenny
dc.contributor.authorBrunner, Dominik
dc.contributor.authorBoccippio, Dennis J.
dc.contributor.authorPickering, Kenneth E.
dc.contributor.authorThompson, Anne M.
dc.contributor.authorWernli, Heini
dc.contributor.authorSelkirk, Rennie B.
dc.contributor.authorKondo, Yutaka
dc.contributor.authorKoike, Matoke
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Yongjing
dc.contributor.authorStaehelin, Johannes
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-26T16:34:07Z
dc.date.available2024-07-26T16:34:07Z
dc.date.issued1999-01-01
dc.description.abstractIn the framework of the project POLINAT 2 (Pollution in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor) we measured NO(x) (NO and NO2) and ozone on 98 flights through the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (NAFC) with a fully automated system permanently installed aboard an in-service Swissair B-747 airliner in the period of August to November 1997. The averaged NO, concentrations both in the NAFC and at the U.S. east coast were similar to that measured in autumn 1995 with the same system. The patchy occurrence of NO(x), enhancements up to 3000 pptv over several hundred kilometers (plumes), predominately found over the U.S. east coast lead to a log-normal NO(x) probability density function. In three case-studies we examine the origins of such plumes by combining back-trajectories with brightness temperature enhanced (IR) satellite imagery, with lightning observations from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) or with the Optical Transient Detector (OTD) satellite. For frontal activity above the continental U.S., we demonstrate that the location of NO(x) plumes can be well explained with maps of convective influence. For another case we show that the number of lightning flashes in a cluster of marine thunderstorms is proportional to the NO(x) concentrations observed several hundred kilometers downwind of the anvil outflows and suggest that lightning was the dominant source. From the fact that in autumn the NO, maximum was found several hundred kilometers off the U.S. east coast, it can be inferred that thunderstorms triggered over the warm Gulf Stream current are an important source for the regional upper tropospheric NO(x) budget in autumn.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe realization of this project would not have been possible without the help of all the parties mentioned below to whom we would like to express our gratitude: Swissair for installing and transporting the NOXAR instrumentation package and to Swissair Flight Dispatch for communicating the flight tracks to the DLR and SONEX project offices for the coordinated flights. To Hans Schlager (DLR) and Jim Eilers (NASA Ames) for handling the communication with Swissair and thus making the intercomparison flights possible. To Helmut Ziereis (DLR) for the NO bottle exchange allowing to establish a common gas standard. To Steve A. Goodman (NASA MSFC) for providing us with the National Lightning Detection Network Data. To Marion Legg (NASA Ames) for preparing the large amount of brightness temperature enhanced GOES-8 images. To Lyatt Jagl6, Harvard University, for the calculation of the NOx residence time in the August marine convection case. To Olaf Morgenstern, Cambridge University, for the algorithm to calculate CAPE from ECMWF fields. To Eco Physics (Dtirnten, Switzerland) for providing us with support during the campaign.
dc.description.urihttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990042154
dc.format.extent104 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.genrepreprints
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2ipmn-hono
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/34922
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC GESTAR II
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rightsPublic Domain
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
dc.subjectEnvironment Pollution
dc.titleNitrogen Oxides and Ozones from B-747 Measurements (NOXAR) during POLINAT 2 and SONEX: Overview and Case-Studies on Continental and Marine Convection
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-0920

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