Observationally derived and general circulation model simulated tropical stratospheric upward mass fluxes

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dc.contributor.authorYang, Qiong
dc.contributor.authorFu, Qiang
dc.contributor.authorAustin, John
dc.contributor.authorGettelman, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorLi, Feng
dc.contributor.authorVomel, Holger
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-30T19:42:04Z
dc.date.available2023-01-30T19:42:04Z
dc.date.issued2008-10-30
dc.description.abstractWe quantify the vertical velocity and upward mass flux in the tropical lower stratosphere on the basis of accurate radiative heating rate calculations using 8-year Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes balloon-borne measurements of temperature and ozone and cryogenic frost-point hygrometer measured water vapor in the tropics (15°S—10°N). The impact of tropospheric clouds on the stratospheric heating rates is considered using cloud distributions from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. We find a nearly constant annual mean upward mass flux in the tropical lower stratosphere above the top of the tropical tropopause layer (i.e., ∼70 hPa), which is 1.13 ± 0.40 kgm⁻²d⁻¹ for the 40- to 30-hPa layer, and 0.89 ± 0.48 kgm⁻²d⁻¹ for the 70- to 50-hPa layer. A strong seasonal cycle exists in the upward mass flux and it is found that the mass flux below ∼70 hPa is decoupled from that above in the Northern Hemisphere summer. Simulations of the tropical lower stratosphere from two stratospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) are compared with observations. The annual mean upward mass fluxes from both GCMs for the 40- to 30-hPa layer agree well with observations, while the simulated mass fluxes for the 70- to 50-hPa layer are twice as large. Both GCMs also simulate seasonal variation of the mass flux reasonably well but are incapable of simulating the observed interannual variability of the upward mass flux, which is closely correlated with the quasi-biennial oscillations.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank A.M. Thompson for useful discussions on the SHADOZ data. We thank Fumio Hasebe, Masato Shiotani, and Masatomo Fujiwara for their support of SOWER measurements. The ISCCP data are provided by the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. Q.Y. thanks G. Anderson for the help on the MODTRAN4 software. This work is supported by the NASA grant NNX08AF66G.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2008JD009945en_US
dc.format.extent12 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m23xus-1pit
dc.identifier.citationYang, Q., Q. Fu, J. Austin, A. Gettelman, F. Li, and H. Vo ̈ mel (2008), Observationally derived and general circulationmodel simulated tropical stratospheric upward mass fluxes,J. Geophys. Res.,113, D00B07, doi:10.1029/2008JD009945.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009945
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/26739
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAGUen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC GESTAR II Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleObservationally derived and general circulation model simulated tropical stratospheric upward mass fluxesen_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-0775en_US

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