Effectiveness of a Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among US Healthcare Personnel, October 2021–July 2022

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https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/10/10/ofad457/7264043

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https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad457
 http://hdl.handle.net/11603/34554

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UMBC Faculty Collection
UMBC Emergency and Distaster Health Systems

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-1750

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2023-09-08

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journal articles
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Plumb, Ian D, Nicholas M Mohr, Melissa Hagen, Ryan Wiegand, Ghinwa Dumyati, Karisa K Harland, Anusha Krishnadasan, et al. “Effectiveness of a Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among US Healthcare Personnel, October 2021–July 2022.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): ofad457. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad457.

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This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
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Abstract

Background: Protection against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) can limit transmission and the risk of post-COVID conditions, and is particularly important among healthcare personnel. However, lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been reported since predominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. Methods: We evaluated the VE of a monovalent messenger RNA (mRNA) booster dose against COVID-19 from October 2021 to June 2022 among US healthcare personnel. After matching case-participants with COVID-19 to control-participants by 2-week period and site, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate the VE of a booster dose compared with completing only 2 mRNA doses >150 days previously, adjusted for multiple covariates. Results: Among 3279 case-participants and 3998 control-participants who had completed 2 mRNA doses, we estimated that the VE of a booster dose against COVID-19 declined from 86% (95% confidence interval, 81%–90%) during Delta predominance to 65% (58%–70%) during Omicron predominance. During Omicron predominance, VE declined from 73% (95% confidence interval, 67%–79%) 14–60 days after the booster dose, to 32% (4%–52%) >=120 days after a booster dose. We found that VE was similar by age group, presence of underlying health conditions, and pregnancy status on the test date, as well as among immunocompromised participants. Conclusions: A booster dose conferred substantial protection against COVID-19 among healthcare personnel. However, VE was lower during Omicron predominance, and waning effectiveness was observed 4 months after booster dose receipt during this period. Our findings support recommendations to stay up to date on recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines for all those eligible.