The Impact of Land Conversion on Primate Habitats: Refining the Extent of Occurrence Data for Four Capuchin Species in North and Northeastern Brazil

Abstract

Conversion of primate forest habitat is a global concern with significant implications for primate populations. Although the current geospatial Extent of Occurrence (EOO) data provided for primates by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature are widely used, they do not accurately reflect the existing extent of primate species due to ongoing habitat loss. We focused on four capuchin monkey species (Sapajus apella, S. flavius, S. libidinosus, and S. xanthosternos), all native to North and Northeastern Brazil, to help prioritize research by the Capuchin Action Network. We refined the EOOs for the four primate species using MapBiomas land cover data. We accounted for areas of agriculture, urban, and mining and updated the current EOOs of these species. Additionally, we evaluated the Conservation Units (UC) in each EOO. UCs are protected areas critical to mitigating habitat loss in Brazil. Our results show that S. apella has lost the smallest amount of its current EOO (13%), while S. flavius has lost the most (77%). Agriculture was the leading cause of land cover change, followed by urbanization and mining. We provide an updated EOO for the four capuchin species and highlight the need for conservation efforts to address the challenges posed by human activities in the capuchin species’ habitats.