Systematic search of laser and phase modulation noise coupling in heterodyne interferometry

Files

2512.17802v1.pdf (1.23 MB)

Links to Files

http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17802

Permanent Link

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.17802
 http://hdl.handle.net/11603/41571

Collections

UMBC Faculty Collection
UMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)

Author/Creator

Author/Creator ORCID

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-4619

Date

2025-12-19

Type of Work

journal articles
preprints
Text

Department

Program

Citation of Original Publication

Rights

This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
Public Domain

Subjects

Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Physics - Optics
Physics - Applied Physics

Abstract

Heterodyne interferometry for precision science often comes with an optical phase modulation, for example, for intersatellite clock noise transfer for gravitational wave (GW) detectors in space, exemplified by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The phase modulation potentially causes various noise couplings to the final phase extraction of heterodyne beatnotes by a phasemeter. In this paper, in the format of space-based GW detectors, we establish an analytical framework to systematically search for the coupling of various noises from the heterodyne and modulation frequency bands, which are relatively unexplored so far. In addition to the noise caused by the phase modulation, the high-frequency laser phase noise is also discussed in the same framework. The analytical result is also compared with a numerical experiment to confirm that our framework successfully captures the major noise couplings. We also demonstrate a use case of this study by taking the LISA-like parameters as an example, which enables us to derive requirements on the level of the laser and phase modulation noises in the high frequency regimes.