Spatial heterogeneity in CO₂, CH₄, and energy fluxes: insights from airborne eddy covariance measurements over the Mid-Atlantic region

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dc.contributor.authorHannun, Reem A
dc.contributor.authorWolfe, Glenn M
dc.contributor.authorKawa, S Randy
dc.contributor.authorHanisco, Thomas F
dc.contributor.authorNewman, Paul A
dc.contributor.authorAlfieri, Joseph G
dc.contributor.authorBarrick, John
dc.contributor.authorClark, Kenneth L
dc.contributor.authorDiGangi, Joshua P
dc.contributor.authorDiskin, Glenn S
dc.contributor.authorKing, John
dc.contributor.authorKustas, William P
dc.contributor.authorMitra, Bhaskar
dc.contributor.authorNoormets, Asko
dc.contributor.authorNowak, John B
dc.contributor.authorThornhill, K Lee
dc.contributor.authorVargas, Rodrigo
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-11T15:38:32Z
dc.date.available2020-06-11T15:38:32Z
dc.date.issued2020-03-06
dc.description.abstractThe exchange of carbon between the Earth's atmosphere and biosphere influences the atmospheric abundances of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). Airborne eddy covariance (EC) can quantify surface-atmosphere exchange from landscape-to-regional scales, offering a unique perspective on carbon cycle dynamics. We use extensive airborne measurements to quantify fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO₂, and CH₄ across multiple ecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region during September 2016 and May 2017. In conjunction with footprint analysis and land cover information, we use the airborne dataset to explore the effects of landscape heterogeneity on measured fluxes. Our results demonstrate large variability in CO₂ uptake over mixed agricultural and forested sites, with fluxes ranging from −3.4 ± 0.7 to −11.5 ± 1.6 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ for croplands and −9.1 ± 1.5 to −22.7 ± 3.2 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ for forests. We also report substantial CH₄ emissions of 32.3 ± 17.0 to 76.1 ± 29.4 nmol m−² s−¹ from a brackish herbaceous wetland and 58.4 ± 12.0 to 181.2 ± 36.8 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹ from a freshwater forested wetland. Comparison of ecosystem-specific aircraft observations with measurements from EC flux towers along the flight path demonstrate that towers capture ~30%–75% of the regional variability in ecosystem fluxes. Diel patterns measured at the tower sites suggest that peak, midday flux measurements from aircraft accurately predict net daily CO₂ exchange. We discuss next steps in applying airborne observations to evaluate bottom-up flux models and improve understanding of the biophysical processes that drive carbon exchange from landscape-to-regional scales.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe CARAFE 2016 and 2017 missions were supported by the GSFC Internal Research and Development Program, the NASA Carbon Monitoring System Program (NNH15ZDA001N-CMS), and the NASA HQ Earth Science Division. We also acknowledge the following AmeriFlux sites for their data records: US-Ced, US-NC4, US-Slt, and US-StJ. Funding for the AmeriFlux data resources was provided by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, and additional support for the US-StJ tower came from NSF grant #1652594. Research and flux data from US-Ced and US-Slt were supported by the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Data from the USDA-Agricultural Research Service is part of the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) program.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7391en_US
dc.format.extent13 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2b8cw-qien
dc.identifier.citationReem A Hannun et al., Spatial heterogeneity in CO2, CH4, and energy fluxes: insights from airborne eddy covariance measurements over the Mid-Atlantic region, Environmental Research Letters, Volume 15, Number 3 (2020),https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7391en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/18867
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherIOPen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleSpatial heterogeneity in CO₂, CH₄, and energy fluxes: insights from airborne eddy covariance measurements over the Mid-Atlantic regionen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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