Conductivity and power factor enhancement of n-type semiconducting polymers using sodium silica gel dopant
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Deepa Madan, Xingang Zhao, Robert M. Ireland, Derek Xiao, and Howard E. Katz , "Conductivity and power factor enhancement of n-type semiconducting polymers using sodium silica gel dopant", APL Materials 5, 086106 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4990139.
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This item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
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Abstract
This work demonstrates the use of sodium silica gel (Na-SG) particles as a reducing agent for n-type conjugated polymers to improve the conductivity and thermoelectric properties. Substantial increase in the electrical conductivity (σ, from 10−7 to 10−3 S/cm in air) was observed in two naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide solution-processable n-type polymers, one of which was designed and synthesized in our lab. Systematic investigations of electrical conductivity were done by varying the weight percentage of Na-SG in the polymers. Additional evidence for the reduction process was obtained from electron spin resonance spectroscopy and control experiments involving nonreducing silica particles and non-electron-accepting polystyrene. The Seebeck coefficient S of the highest conductivity sample was measured and found to be in agreement with an empirical model. All the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients measurements were performed in ambient atmosphere.