The bulk motion of gas in the core of the Centaurus galaxy cluster
dc.contributor.author | Audard, Marc | |
dc.contributor.author | Awaki, Hisamitsu | |
dc.contributor.author | Ballhausen, Ralf | |
dc.contributor.author | Bamba, Aya | |
dc.contributor.author | Behar, Ehud | |
dc.contributor.author | Boissay-Malaquin, Rozenn | |
dc.contributor.author | Brenneman, Laura | |
dc.contributor.author | Brown, Gregory V. | |
dc.contributor.author | Corrales, Lia | |
dc.contributor.author | Costantini, Elisa | |
dc.contributor.author | Cumbee, Renata | |
dc.contributor.author | Done, Chris | |
dc.contributor.author | Dotani, Tadayasu | |
dc.contributor.author | Ebisawa, Ken | |
dc.contributor.author | Eckart, Megan E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Eckert, Dominique | |
dc.contributor.author | Enoto, Teruaki | |
dc.contributor.author | Eguchi, Satoshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Ezoe, Yuichiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Foster, Adam | |
dc.contributor.author | Fujimoto, Ryuichi | |
dc.contributor.author | Fujita, Yutaka | |
dc.contributor.author | Fukazawa, Yasushi | |
dc.contributor.author | Fukushima, Kotaro | |
dc.contributor.author | Furuzawa, Akihiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Gallo, Luigi | |
dc.contributor.author | García, Javier A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gu, Liyi | |
dc.contributor.author | Guainazzi, Matteo | |
dc.contributor.author | Hagino, Kouichi | |
dc.contributor.author | Hamaguchi, Kenji | |
dc.contributor.author | Hatsukade, Isamu | |
dc.contributor.author | Hayashi, Katsuhiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Hayashi, Takayuki | |
dc.contributor.author | Hell, Natalie | |
dc.contributor.author | Hodges-Kluck, Edmund | |
dc.contributor.author | Hornschemeier, Ann | |
dc.contributor.author | Ichinohe, Yuto | |
dc.contributor.author | Ishida, Manabu | |
dc.contributor.author | Ishikawa, Kumi | |
dc.contributor.author | Ishisaki, Yoshitaka | |
dc.contributor.author | Kaastra, Jelle | |
dc.contributor.author | Kallman, Timothy | |
dc.contributor.author | Kara, Erin | |
dc.contributor.author | Katsuda, Satoru | |
dc.contributor.author | Kanemaru, Yoshiaki | |
dc.contributor.author | Kelley, Richard | |
dc.contributor.author | Kilbourne, Caroline | |
dc.contributor.author | Kitamoto, Shunji | |
dc.contributor.author | Kobayashi, Shogo | |
dc.contributor.author | Kohmura, Takayoshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Kubota, Aya | |
dc.contributor.author | Leutenegger, Maurice | |
dc.contributor.author | Loewenstein, Michael | |
dc.contributor.author | Maeda, Yoshitomo | |
dc.contributor.author | Markevitch, Maxim | |
dc.contributor.author | Matsumoto, Hironori | |
dc.contributor.author | Matsushita, Kyoko | |
dc.contributor.author | McCammon, Dan | |
dc.contributor.author | McNamara, Brian | |
dc.contributor.author | Mernier, François | |
dc.contributor.author | Miller, Eric D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Miller, Jon M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki | |
dc.contributor.author | Mizumoto, Misaki | |
dc.contributor.author | Mizuno, Tsunefumi | |
dc.contributor.author | Mori, Koji | |
dc.contributor.author | Mukai, Koji | |
dc.contributor.author | Murakami, Hiroshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Mushotzky, Richard | |
dc.contributor.author | Nakajima, Hiroshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Nakazawa, Kazuhiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Ness, Jan-Uwe | |
dc.contributor.author | Nobukawa, Kumiko | |
dc.contributor.author | Nobukawa, Masayoshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Noda, Hirofumi | |
dc.contributor.author | Odaka, Hirokazu | |
dc.contributor.author | Ogawa, Shoji | |
dc.contributor.author | Ogorzalek, Anna | |
dc.contributor.author | Okajima, Takashi | |
dc.contributor.author | Ota, Naomi | |
dc.contributor.author | Paltani, Stephane | |
dc.contributor.author | Petre, Robert | |
dc.contributor.author | Plucinsky, Paul | |
dc.contributor.author | Porter, Frederick Scott | |
dc.contributor.author | Pottschmidt, Katja | |
dc.contributor.author | Sato, Kosuke | |
dc.contributor.author | Sato, Toshiki | |
dc.contributor.author | Sawada, Makoto | |
dc.contributor.author | Seta, Hiromi | |
dc.contributor.author | Shidatsu, Megumi | |
dc.contributor.author | Simionescu, Aurora | |
dc.contributor.author | Smith, Randall | |
dc.contributor.author | Suzuki, Hiromasa | |
dc.contributor.author | Szymkowiak, Andrew | |
dc.contributor.author | Takahashi, Hiromitsu | |
dc.contributor.author | Takeo, Mai | |
dc.contributor.author | Tamagawa, Toru | |
dc.contributor.author | Tamura, Keisuke | |
dc.contributor.author | Tanaka, Takaaki | |
dc.contributor.author | Tanimoto, Atsushi | |
dc.contributor.author | Tashiro, Makoto | |
dc.contributor.author | Terada, Yukikatsu | |
dc.contributor.author | Terashima, Yuichi | |
dc.contributor.author | Trigo, María Díaz | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsuboi, Yohko | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsujimoto, Masahiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsunemi, Hiroshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsuru, Takeshi G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Uchida, Hiroyuki | |
dc.contributor.author | Uchida, Nagomi | |
dc.contributor.author | Uchida, Yuusuke | |
dc.contributor.author | Uchiyama, Hideki | |
dc.contributor.author | Ueda, Yoshihiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Uno, Shinichiro | |
dc.contributor.author | Vink, Jacco | |
dc.contributor.author | Watanabe, Shin | |
dc.contributor.author | Williams, Brian J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamada, Satoshi | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamada, Shinya | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamaguchi, Hiroya | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamaoka, Kazutaka | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamasaki, Noriko Y. | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamauchi, Makoto | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamauchi, Shigeo | |
dc.contributor.author | Yaqoob, Tahir | |
dc.contributor.author | Yoneyama, Tomokage | |
dc.contributor.author | Yoshida, Tessei | |
dc.contributor.author | Yukita, Mihoko | |
dc.contributor.author | Zhuravleva, Irina | |
dc.contributor.author | Kondo, Marie | |
dc.contributor.author | Werner, Norbert | |
dc.contributor.author | Plšek, Tomáš | |
dc.contributor.author | Sun, Ming | |
dc.contributor.author | Hosogi, Kokoro | |
dc.contributor.author | Majumder, Anwesh | |
dc.contributor.author | XRISM collaboration | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-04-01T14:55:30Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-04-01T14:55:30Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-02 | |
dc.description.abstract | Galaxy clusters contain vast amounts of hot ionized gas known as the intracluster medium (ICM). In relaxed cluster cores, the radiative cooling time of the ICM is shorter than the age of the cluster. However, the absence of line emission associated with cooling suggests heating mechanisms that offset the cooling, with feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) being the most likely source1,2. Turbulence and bulk motions, such as the oscillating (‘sloshing’) motion of the core gas in the cluster potential well, have also been proposed as mechanisms for heat distribution from the outside of the core3,4. Here we present X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite. We find that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy, with velocities from 130 km s⁻¹ to 310 km s⁻¹ within about 30 kpc of the centre. This indicates bulk flow consistent with core gas sloshing. Although the bulk flow may prevent excessive accumulation of cooled gas at the centre, it could distribute the heat injected by the AGN and bring in thermal energy from the surrounding ICM. The velocity dispersion of the gas is found to be only ≲120 km s⁻¹ in the core, even within about 10 kpc of the AGN. This suggests that the influence of the AGN on the surrounding ICM motion is limited in the cluster. | |
dc.description.sponsorship | This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos JP22H00158, JP22H01268, JP22K03624, JP23H04899, JP21K13963, JP24K00638, JP24K17105, JP21K13958, JP21H01095, JP23K20850, JP24H00253, JP21K03615, JP24K00677, JP20K14491, JP23H00151, JP19K21884, JP20H01947, JP20KK0071, JP23K20239, JP24K00672, JP24K17104, JP24K17093, JP20K04009, JP21H04493, JP20H01946, JP23K13154, JP19K14762, JP20H05857 and JP23K03459) and NASA (grant nos 80NSSC23K0650, 80NSSC20K0733, 80NSSC18K0978, 80NSSC20K0883, 80NSSC20K0737, 80NSSC24K0678, 80NSSC18K1684 and 80NNSC22K1922). L.C. acknowledges support from NSF award 2205918. C.D. acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST/T000244/1 and a Leverhulme International Fellowship IF-2024-020. L. Gallo acknowledges financial support from the Canadian Space Agency grant 18XARMSTMA. A.T. and the present research are in part supported by the Kagoshima University postdoctoral research program (KU-DREAM). S. Yamada acknowledges support from the RIKEN SPDR Program. I.Z. acknowledges partial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Sloan Research Fellowship. M. Sawada acknowledges the support from the RIKEN Pioneering Project Evolution of Matter in the Universe (r-EMU) and the Rikkyo University Special Fund for Research (Rikkyo SFR). N.W. and T.P. acknowledge the financial support of the GAČR EXPRO (grant no. 21-13491X). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The material is based on the work supported by NASA under award no. 80GSFC21M0002. This work was supported by the JSPS Core-to-Core Program (JPJSCCA20220002). The material is based on the work supported by the Strategic Research Center of Saitama University. | |
dc.description.uri | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08561-z | |
dc.format.extent | 14 pages | |
dc.genre | journal articles | |
dc.identifier | doi:10.13016/m2fsck-3mqx | |
dc.identifier.citation | Audard, Marc, Hisamitsu Awaki, Ralf Ballhausen, Aya Bamba, Ehud Behar, Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin, Laura Brenneman, et al. "The Bulk Motion of Gas in the Core of the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster." Nature 638, no. 8050 (February 2025): 365-69. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08561-z. | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08561-z | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11603/37902 | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Nature | |
dc.relation.isAvailableAt | The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) | |
dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Faculty Collection | |
dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II) | |
dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Physics Department | |
dc.rights | This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law. | |
dc.rights | Public Domain | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ | |
dc.subject | High-energy astrophysics | |
dc.subject | Galaxies and clusters | |
dc.title | The bulk motion of gas in the core of the Centaurus galaxy cluster | |
dc.type | Text | |
dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-599X | |
dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-2779 | |
dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-2499 | |
dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-8094 | |
dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-6881 |