The bulk motion of gas in the core of the Centaurus galaxy cluster

dc.contributor.authorAudard, Marc
dc.contributor.authorAwaki, Hisamitsu
dc.contributor.authorBallhausen, Ralf
dc.contributor.authorBamba, Aya
dc.contributor.authorBehar, Ehud
dc.contributor.authorBoissay-Malaquin, Rozenn
dc.contributor.authorBrenneman, Laura
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Gregory V.
dc.contributor.authorCorrales, Lia
dc.contributor.authorCostantini, Elisa
dc.contributor.authorCumbee, Renata
dc.contributor.authorDone, Chris
dc.contributor.authorDotani, Tadayasu
dc.contributor.authorEbisawa, Ken
dc.contributor.authorEckart, Megan E.
dc.contributor.authorEckert, Dominique
dc.contributor.authorEnoto, Teruaki
dc.contributor.authorEguchi, Satoshi
dc.contributor.authorEzoe, Yuichiro
dc.contributor.authorFoster, Adam
dc.contributor.authorFujimoto, Ryuichi
dc.contributor.authorFujita, Yutaka
dc.contributor.authorFukazawa, Yasushi
dc.contributor.authorFukushima, Kotaro
dc.contributor.authorFuruzawa, Akihiro
dc.contributor.authorGallo, Luigi
dc.contributor.author García, Javier A.
dc.contributor.authorGu, Liyi
dc.contributor.authorGuainazzi, Matteo
dc.contributor.authorHagino, Kouichi
dc.contributor.authorHamaguchi, Kenji
dc.contributor.authorHatsukade, Isamu
dc.contributor.authorHayashi, Katsuhiro
dc.contributor.authorHayashi, Takayuki
dc.contributor.authorHell, Natalie
dc.contributor.authorHodges-Kluck, Edmund
dc.contributor.authorHornschemeier, Ann
dc.contributor.authorIchinohe, Yuto
dc.contributor.authorIshida, Manabu
dc.contributor.authorIshikawa, Kumi
dc.contributor.authorIshisaki, Yoshitaka
dc.contributor.authorKaastra, Jelle
dc.contributor.authorKallman, Timothy
dc.contributor.authorKara, Erin
dc.contributor.authorKatsuda, Satoru
dc.contributor.authorKanemaru, Yoshiaki
dc.contributor.authorKelley, Richard
dc.contributor.authorKilbourne, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorKitamoto, Shunji
dc.contributor.authorKobayashi, Shogo
dc.contributor.authorKohmura, Takayoshi
dc.contributor.authorKubota, Aya
dc.contributor.authorLeutenegger, Maurice
dc.contributor.authorLoewenstein, Michael
dc.contributor.authorMaeda, Yoshitomo
dc.contributor.authorMarkevitch, Maxim
dc.contributor.authorMatsumoto, Hironori
dc.contributor.authorMatsushita, Kyoko
dc.contributor.authorMcCammon, Dan
dc.contributor.authorMcNamara, Brian
dc.contributor.authorMernier, François
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Eric D.
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Jon M.
dc.contributor.authorMitsuishi, Ikuyuki
dc.contributor.authorMizumoto, Misaki
dc.contributor.authorMizuno, Tsunefumi
dc.contributor.authorMori, Koji
dc.contributor.authorMukai, Koji
dc.contributor.authorMurakami, Hiroshi
dc.contributor.authorMushotzky, Richard
dc.contributor.authorNakajima, Hiroshi
dc.contributor.authorNakazawa, Kazuhiro
dc.contributor.authorNess, Jan-Uwe
dc.contributor.authorNobukawa, Kumiko
dc.contributor.authorNobukawa, Masayoshi
dc.contributor.authorNoda, Hirofumi
dc.contributor.authorOdaka, Hirokazu
dc.contributor.authorOgawa, Shoji
dc.contributor.authorOgorzalek, Anna
dc.contributor.authorOkajima, Takashi
dc.contributor.authorOta, Naomi
dc.contributor.authorPaltani, Stephane
dc.contributor.authorPetre, Robert
dc.contributor.authorPlucinsky, Paul
dc.contributor.authorPorter, Frederick Scott
dc.contributor.authorPottschmidt, Katja
dc.contributor.authorSato, Kosuke
dc.contributor.authorSato, Toshiki
dc.contributor.authorSawada, Makoto
dc.contributor.authorSeta, Hiromi
dc.contributor.authorShidatsu, Megumi
dc.contributor.authorSimionescu, Aurora
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Randall
dc.contributor.authorSuzuki, Hiromasa
dc.contributor.authorSzymkowiak, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorTakahashi, Hiromitsu
dc.contributor.authorTakeo, Mai
dc.contributor.authorTamagawa, Toru
dc.contributor.authorTamura, Keisuke
dc.contributor.authorTanaka, Takaaki
dc.contributor.authorTanimoto, Atsushi
dc.contributor.authorTashiro, Makoto
dc.contributor.authorTerada, Yukikatsu
dc.contributor.authorTerashima, Yuichi
dc.contributor.authorTrigo, María Díaz
dc.contributor.authorTsuboi, Yohko
dc.contributor.authorTsujimoto, Masahiro
dc.contributor.authorTsunemi, Hiroshi
dc.contributor.authorTsuru, Takeshi G.
dc.contributor.authorUchida, Hiroyuki
dc.contributor.authorUchida, Nagomi
dc.contributor.authorUchida, Yuusuke
dc.contributor.authorUchiyama, Hideki
dc.contributor.authorUeda, Yoshihiro
dc.contributor.authorUno, Shinichiro
dc.contributor.authorVink, Jacco
dc.contributor.authorWatanabe, Shin
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Brian J.
dc.contributor.authorYamada, Satoshi
dc.contributor.authorYamada, Shinya
dc.contributor.authorYamaguchi, Hiroya
dc.contributor.authorYamaoka, Kazutaka
dc.contributor.authorYamasaki, Noriko Y.
dc.contributor.authorYamauchi, Makoto
dc.contributor.authorYamauchi, Shigeo
dc.contributor.authorYaqoob, Tahir
dc.contributor.authorYoneyama, Tomokage
dc.contributor.authorYoshida, Tessei
dc.contributor.authorYukita, Mihoko
dc.contributor.authorZhuravleva, Irina
dc.contributor.authorKondo, Marie
dc.contributor.authorWerner, Norbert
dc.contributor.authorPlšek, Tomáš
dc.contributor.authorSun, Ming
dc.contributor.authorHosogi, Kokoro
dc.contributor.authorMajumder, Anwesh
dc.contributor.authorXRISM collaboration
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-01T14:55:30Z
dc.date.available2025-04-01T14:55:30Z
dc.date.issued2025-02
dc.description.abstractGalaxy clusters contain vast amounts of hot ionized gas known as the intracluster medium (ICM). In relaxed cluster cores, the radiative cooling time of the ICM is shorter than the age of the cluster. However, the absence of line emission associated with cooling suggests heating mechanisms that offset the cooling, with feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) being the most likely source1,2. Turbulence and bulk motions, such as the oscillating (‘sloshing’) motion of the core gas in the cluster potential well, have also been proposed as mechanisms for heat distribution from the outside of the core3,4. Here we present X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite. We find that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy, with velocities from 130 km s⁻¹ to 310 km s⁻¹ within about 30 kpc of the centre. This indicates bulk flow consistent with core gas sloshing. Although the bulk flow may prevent excessive accumulation of cooled gas at the centre, it could distribute the heat injected by the AGN and bring in thermal energy from the surrounding ICM. The velocity dispersion of the gas is found to be only ≲120 km s⁻¹ in the core, even within about 10 kpc of the AGN. This suggests that the influence of the AGN on the surrounding ICM motion is limited in the cluster.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos JP22H00158, JP22H01268, JP22K03624, JP23H04899, JP21K13963, JP24K00638, JP24K17105, JP21K13958, JP21H01095, JP23K20850, JP24H00253, JP21K03615, JP24K00677, JP20K14491, JP23H00151, JP19K21884, JP20H01947, JP20KK0071, JP23K20239, JP24K00672, JP24K17104, JP24K17093, JP20K04009, JP21H04493, JP20H01946, JP23K13154, JP19K14762, JP20H05857 and JP23K03459) and NASA (grant nos 80NSSC23K0650, 80NSSC20K0733, 80NSSC18K0978, 80NSSC20K0883, 80NSSC20K0737, 80NSSC24K0678, 80NSSC18K1684 and 80NNSC22K1922). L.C. acknowledges support from NSF award 2205918. C.D. acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST/T000244/1 and a Leverhulme International Fellowship IF-2024-020. L. Gallo acknowledges financial support from the Canadian Space Agency grant 18XARMSTMA. A.T. and the present research are in part supported by the Kagoshima University postdoctoral research program (KU-DREAM). S. Yamada acknowledges support from the RIKEN SPDR Program. I.Z. acknowledges partial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Sloan Research Fellowship. M. Sawada acknowledges the support from the RIKEN Pioneering Project Evolution of Matter in the Universe (r-EMU) and the Rikkyo University Special Fund for Research (Rikkyo SFR). N.W. and T.P. acknowledge the financial support of the GAČR EXPRO (grant no. 21-13491X). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The material is based on the work supported by NASA under award no. 80GSFC21M0002. This work was supported by the JSPS Core-to-Core Program (JPJSCCA20220002). The material is based on the work supported by the Strategic Research Center of Saitama University.
dc.description.urihttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08561-z
dc.format.extent14 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2fsck-3mqx
dc.identifier.citationAudard, Marc, Hisamitsu Awaki, Ralf Ballhausen, Aya Bamba, Ehud Behar, Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin, Laura Brenneman, et al. "The Bulk Motion of Gas in the Core of the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster." Nature 638, no. 8050 (February 2025): 365-69. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08561-z.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08561-z
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/37902
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherNature
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rightsPublic Domain
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
dc.subjectHigh-energy astrophysics
dc.subjectGalaxies and clusters
dc.titleThe bulk motion of gas in the core of the Centaurus galaxy cluster
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-599X
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-2779
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-2499
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-8094
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-6881

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