Overionized plasma in the supernova remnant Sagittarius A East anchored by XRISM observations

Abstract

Sagittarius A East is a supernova remnant with a unique surrounding environment, as it is located in the immediate vicinity of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center, Sagittarius A*. The X-ray emission of the remnant is suspected to show features of overionized plasma, which would require peculiar evolutionary paths. We report on the first observation of Sagittarius A East with X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). Equipped with a combination of high-resolution microcalorimeter spectrometer and large field-of-view CCD imager, we for the first time resolved the Fe XXV K-shell lines into fine structure lines and measured the forbidden-to-resonance intensity ratio to be 1.39+/-0.12, which strongly suggests the presence of overionized plasma. We obtained a reliable constraint on the ionization temperature just before the transition into the overionization state, to be > 4 keV. The recombination timescale was constrained to be < 8e11 cm-3 s. The small velocity dispersion of 109+/-6 km s-1 indicates a low Fe ion temperature < 8 keV and a small expansion velocity < 200 km s-1. The high initial ionization temperature and small recombination timescale suggest that either rapid cooling of the plasma via adiabatic expansion from dense circumstellar material or intense photoionization by Sagittarius A* in the past may have triggered the overionization.