Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

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dc.contributor.authorde Sá, Suzane S.
dc.contributor.authorPalm, Brett B.
dc.contributor.authorCampuzano-Jost, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorDay, Douglas A.
dc.contributor.authorHu, Weiwei
dc.contributor.authorIsaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorYee, Lindsay D.
dc.contributor.authorBrito, Joel
dc.contributor.authorCarbone, Samara
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Igor O.
dc.contributor.authorCirino, Glauber G.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Yingjun
dc.contributor.authorThalman, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorSedlacek, Arthur
dc.contributor.authorFunk, Aaron
dc.contributor.authorSchumacher, Courtney
dc.contributor.authorShilling, John E.
dc.contributor.authorSchneider, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorArtaxo, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorGoldstein, Allen H.
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Rodrigo A. F.
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jian
dc.contributor.authorMcKinney, Karena A.
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, H. M. J.
dc.contributor.authorAlexander, M. Lizabeth
dc.contributor.authorJimenez, Jose L.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Scot T.
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-28T18:10:22Z
dc.date.available2024-06-28T18:10:22Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-23
dc.description.abstractAn understanding of how anthropogenic emissions affect the concentrations and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) is fundamental to quantifying the influence of human activities on climate and air quality. The central Amazon Basin, especially around the city of Manaus, Brazil, has experienced rapid changes in the past decades due to ongoing urbanization. Herein, changes in the concentration and composition of submicron PM due to pollution downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region are reported as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a suite of other gas- and particle-phase instruments were deployed at the “T3” research site, 70 km downwind of Manaus, during the wet season. At this site, organic components represented 79±7 % of the non-refractory PM₁ mass concentration on average, which was in the same range as several upwind sites. However, the organic PM₁ was considerably more oxidized at T3 compared to upwind measurements. Positive-matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the time series of organic mass spectra collected at the T3 site, yielding three factors representing secondary processes (73±15 % of total organic mass concentration) and three factors representing primary anthropogenic emissions (27±15 %). Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) was applied to the afternoon time series of concentrations of NOy, ozone, total particle number, black carbon, and sulfate. Four clusters were identified and characterized by distinct air mass origins and particle compositions. Two clusters, Bkgd-1 and Bkgd-2, were associated with background conditions. Bkgd-1 appeared to represent near-field atmospheric PM production and oxidation of a day or less. Bkgd-2 appeared to represent material transported and oxidized for two or more days, often with out-of-basin contributions. Two other clusters, Pol-1 and Pol-2, represented the Manaus influence, one apparently associated with the northern region of Manaus and the other with the southern region of the city. A composite of the PMF and FCM analyses provided insights into the anthropogenic effects on PM concentration and composition. The increase in mass concentration of submicron PM ranged from 25 % to 200 % under polluted compared with background conditions, including contributions from both primary and secondary PM. Furthermore, a comparison of PMF factor loadings for different clusters suggested a shift in the pathways of PM production under polluted conditions. Nitrogen oxides may have played a critical role in these shifts. Increased concentrations of nitrogen oxides can shift pathways of PM production from HO₂-dominant to NO-dominant as well as increase the concentrations of oxidants in the atmosphere. Consequently, the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursor gases as well as the oxidative processing of preexisting atmospheric PM can be accelerated. This combined set of results demonstrates the susceptibility of atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and associated climate forcing to anthropogenic perturbations over tropical forests.
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitutional support was provided by the Central Office of the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), and Amazonas State University (UEA). We acknowledge support from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility, a user facility of the United States Department of Energy (DOE; grant no. DE-SC0006680), Office of Science, sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and support from the Atmospheric System Research (ASR; grant no. DE-SC0011115, DE-SC0011105) program of that office. Additional funding was provided by the Amazonas State Research Foundation (grant no. FAPEAM 062.00568/2014 and 134/2016), the São Paulo State Research Foundation (grant no. FAPESP 2013/05014-0), the USA National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1106400 and 1332998), and the Brazilian Scientific Mobility Program (CsF/CAPES). Suzane S. de Sá acknowledges support from the Faculty for the Future Fellowship of the Schlumberger Foundation. Brett B. Palm is grateful for a US EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (grant no. FP-91761701-0). The authors thank Paulo Castillo for his assistance in quality checking the black carbon data from MAOS. Data access from the Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia (SIPAM) is gratefully acknowledged. The research was conducted under scientific license 001030/2012-4 of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).
dc.description.urihttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/12185/2018/
dc.format.extent22 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m26t4f-cx99
dc.identifier.citationSá, Suzane S. de, Brett B. Palm, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Weiwei Hu, Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz, Lindsay D. Yee, et al. “Urban Influence on the Concentration and Composition of Submicron Particulate Matter in Central Amazonia.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2018): 12185–206. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12185-2018.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12185-2018
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/34811
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherEGU
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rightsPublic Domain
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
dc.titleUrban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-1855

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